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Grand empress dowager

Grand empress dowager (also grand dowager empress or grand empress mother) (Chinese and Japanese: 太皇太后; pinyin: tàihuángtàihòu; rōmaji: taikōtaigō; Korean: 태황태후 (太皇太后); romaja: Tae Hwang Tae Hu; Vietnamese: Thái Hoàng thái hậu (太皇太后) was a title given to the grandmother,[1] or a woman from the same generation, of a Chinese emperor, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese king in the Chinese cultural sphere.

The great empress dowager was preferred over the empress dowager and had priority over the emperor in terms of respect. Some grand empresses dowager held regency during the emperor's childhood. Some of the most prominent empress dowagers extended their regencies beyond the time when the emperor was old enough to govern alone. This was seen as a source of political turmoil, according to the traditional views of Chinese historians.

Chinese grand empresses dowager

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Han dynasty

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Cao Wei

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Jin dynasty (266–420)

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Liu Song dynasty

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Chen dynasty

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Northern Wei dynasty

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Northern Qi dynasty

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Northern Zhou dynasty

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Tang dynasty

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Song dynasty

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Liao dynasty

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

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  • Tangkuo, Grand Empress Dowager of Qingyuan Palace (1135–1136), during the reign of Emperor Xizong
  • Heshilie, Grand Empress Dowager of Mingde Palace (1135–1143), during the reign of Emperor Xizong

Yuan dynasty

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Ming dynasty

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Qing dynasty

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Japanese grand empresses dowager

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Further information: Empress of Japan § List of grand empresses dowager

See also

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  • Empress dowager
  • Từ Dụ (1810–1902), Vietnamese royal and only ever person to be crowned Great Grand Empress Dowager

References

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  1. ^ Twitchett, Denis C.; Mote, Frederick W. (1998-01-28). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780521243339.
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