A gravity laser, also sometimes referred to as a Gaser, Graser, or Glaser, is a hypothetical device for stimulated emission of coherent gravitational radiation or gravitons, much in the same way that a standard laser produces coherent electromagnetic radiation.
Principle of function
editWhile photons exist as excitations of a vector potential and so contain an oscillating dipole term, gravitons are a spin-2 field and so have an oscillating quadrupole term. For efficient lasing to occur, there are several conditions that must be met:[1]
- There must be particles in an excited state capable of emitting radiation at the desired frequency. In a normal laser, these would be valence electrons in an excited state. For a gaser, the more straightforward analog would be a binary system of massive bodies.
- These particles must couple to supplied radiation, in order to provide stimulated emission. This could be possible in a gaser by a stimulated analog of the Penrose process.
- The particles must be in an inverted population, where more are in the excited state than the ground state. This typically requires some type of pumping, such as optical pumping.
- The lasing medium must be long enough for the radiation to persist and excite more of the same. In optical systems this can typically be created by mirrors, effectively making a larger optical path length. For a gaser, a large-scale, slowly spatially varying gravitational potential could act as a mirror (by the WKB approximation). Alternately, a hypothetical gaser could simply be built with sufficient length to begin with.
Alternate design proposals involve free undulators akin to a free-electron laser.[2][3] Several proposals involve exploiting the momentum transport properties of superconductors, where s-waves and d-waves couple distinctly to gravitational radiation.[4][5]
As of 2024, interest in gravity lasers has begun to enter research.[6]
Use in science fiction
editThe idea of gravity lasers has been popularized by science fiction works such as David Brin's Earth (1990). While attempting to remove micro singularities inadvertently introduced into the planetary mantle, it is found they can serve as mirrors. With the necessary energy levels found in gravitational potentials of the planet's core and mantle, the resulting 'graser' beams are initially employed to nudge the singularities somewhere safer. Other uses are soon found, such as propelling objects into space and for weaponry of various levels of sophistication.
Other works, such as the RPG Star Ocean (1996) use them as a hypothetical weapon.[7] They are also commonly employed as a proposed mechanism for tractor beams, antigravity, and space propulsion.
Earth Unaware (2012) uses 'glasers' as a plot device to enable planetary-scale manipulation of matter, akin to gravity guns.
In Alastair Reynolds' novel Redemption Ark (2002), a graser is utilised by the Inhibitors to bore into, and puncture, Resurgam's sun.
See also
editExternal links
editReferences
edit- ^ Killus, James (2007-01-19). "Unintentional Irony: The Gamma Laser". Unintentional Irony. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
- ^ Bessonov, E. G. (1998-02-19). "Grasers based on particle accelerators and on lasers". arXiv:physics/9802037. Bibcode:1998physics...2037B.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Strelkov, Alexander V.; Petrov, Guennady A.; Gagarski, Alexei M.; Westphal, Alexander; Stöferle, Thilo; Rueß, Frank J.; Baeßler, Stefan; Abele, Hartmut; Petukhov, Alexander K. (2002). "Quantum states of neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field". Nature. 415 (6869): 297–299. Bibcode:2002Natur.415..297N. doi:10.1038/415297a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11797001. S2CID 52817923.
- ^ Fontana, Giorgio (2004). "Design of a Quantum Source of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) and Test Methodology". AIP Conference Proceedings. 699. Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA): AIP: 1114–1121. arXiv:physics/0410022. Bibcode:2004AIPC..699.1114F. doi:10.1063/1.1649680. S2CID 118798973.
- ^ Modanese, Giovanni; Robertson, Glen A. (2012). Gravity-superconductors Interactions: Theory and Experiment. Bentham Science Publishers. ISBN 9781608053995.
- ^ Liu, Jing (2024-02-26). "Gravitational laser: the stimulated radiation of gravitational waves from the clouds of ultralight bosons". arXiv:2401.16096 [gr-qc].
- ^ Weapons and Armor - Star Ocean: Till the End of Time Wiki Guide - IGN, 27 March 2012, retrieved 2019-07-14