Wikipedia

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita

(Redirected from Greenhouse gas emissions per capita)

This article is about the carbon dioxide equivalent per capita of all greenhouse gases combined. For only carbon dioxide per person, see List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita.

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 annual per capita GHG[n 1] emissions estimates (in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year). The data include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from all sources, including agriculture and land use change. They are measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[n 2]

Per capita annual GHG emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[1]
Global map of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[2]

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th assessment report finds that the "Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)" sector on average, accounted for 13–21% of global total anthropogenic GHG emissions in the period 2010–2019.[3] Land use change drivers net AFOLU CO2 emission fluxes, with deforestation being responsible for 45% of total AFOLU emissions. In addition to being a net carbon sink and source of GHG emissions, land plays an important role in climate through albedo effects, evapotranspiration, and aerosol loading through emissions of volatile organic compounds.[3] The IPCC report finds that the LULUCF sector offers significant near-term mitigation potential while providing food, wood and other renewable resources as well as biodiversity conservation. Mitigation measures in forests and other natural ecosystems provide the largest share of the LULUCF mitigation potential between 2020 and 2050. Among various LULUCF activities, reducing deforestation has the largest potential to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions, followed by carbon sequestration in agriculture and ecosystem restoration including afforestation and reforestation.[3] Land use change emissions can be negative.[n 3][5]

According to Science for Policy report in 2024 by the Joint Research Centre (JRC - the European Commission’s science and knowledge service) and International Energy Agency (IEA), global per-capita GHG emissions in 2023 increased by 0.9% to reach 6.59 tCO2eq/cap, a value still 0.9% lower than in 2019 (6.65 tCO2eq/cap), but have increased by about 7.3% from 6.14 tCO2eq/cap to 6.59 tCO2eq/cap between 1990 and 2023.[6]

However, the main disadvantage of measuring total national emissions is that it does not take population size into account. China has the largest CO2 and GHG emissions in the world, but also the second largest population. Some argue that for a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO2 and GHG per capita.[7]

Considering GHG per capita emissions in 2023, China's levels (11.11) are almost two-thirds those of the United States (17.61) and almost a sixth of those of Palau (65,29) – the country with the highest emissions of GHG per capita in 2023.[6]

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.[8]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution.[9] The European Union is at the forefront of international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus safeguard the planet's climate. Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1 °C above pre-industrial levels.[10]

GHG emissions

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Main article: List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions

Per capita GHG emissions by country/territory

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The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.[6] Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

GHG emissions per capita (kgCO2eq/year)
Country/Territory/Region/Group GHG emissions per capita % of Global Average Change
(1990=100%)
1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2021 2022 2023 2023 2023
kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq kgCO2eq % %
  Aruba 621.59 3539.58 3828.66 5196.58 4529.96 4964.50 4986.94 5199.05 78.844% 146.88%  
  Afghanistan 1387.50 1025.51 692.54 935.21 700.21 710.36 719.31 724.74 10.991% 70.67%  
  Angola 2803.67 2624.19 4076.62 2978.33 1878.92 1900.31 1920.97 1874.90 28.433% 71.45%  
  Anguilla 523.98 948.24 1615.38 1969.02 1703.66 1681.62 1671.23 1638.17 24.843% 172.76%  
  Albania 3824.44 3502.46 2299.75 2737.00 2708.11 2851.65 2650.84 2603.89 39.488% 74.34%  
  Curaçao 104950.61 19385.78 44558.23 30081.05 13114.85 14234.27 14664.36 15253.88 231.325% 78.69%  
  United Arab Emirates 126395.53 42735.55 37159.59 25356.19 25407.05 25859.40 26601.03 26290.68 398.698% 61.52%  
  Argentina 9156.88 7754.32 7778.72 8040.67 7631.49 8006.58 8091.75 7829.33 118.732% 100.97%  
  Armenia 5018.52 6871.49 1935.89 2434.32 3400.72 3629.72 3525.35 3687.08 55.915% 53.66%  
  Antigua and Barbuda 2360.28 3692.73 2693.61 3664.18 3247.21 3500.46 3479.16 3597.74 54.560% 97.43%  
  Australia 24529.27 27010.45 28664.43 27332.79 23016.28 22595.92 21887.54 21753.71 329.895% 80.54%  
  Austria 9554.09 10416.59 10349.63 10574.80 8798.85 9172.16 8548.74 8248.10 125.082% 79.18%  
  Azerbaijan 6315.80 9366.85 4906.68 4975.89 5418.40 5598.41 5757.54 6061.08 91.916% 64.71%  
  Burundi 576.03 534.07 455.36 472.29 505.61 555.45 551.97 540.21 8.192% 101.15%  
  Belgium 17337.09 14045.83 14705.21 12764.22 9967.13 10262.46 9587.54 9053.55 137.297% 64.46%  
  Benin 818.09 774.72 875.93 1263.73 1456.14 1286.64 1299.97 1273.02 19.305% 164.32%  
  Burkina Faso 1150.29 1274.88 1213.01 1532.84 1378.95 1565.08 1539.20 1516.65 23.000% 118.96%  
  Bangladesh 1911.76 1225.13 1109.67 1315.34 1481.72 1570.91 1607.63 1608.37 24.391% 131.28%  
  Bulgaria 10757.28 11699.42 7807.57 8418.61 7717.84 8710.09 9385.24 7855.80 119.133% 67.15%  
  Bahrain 86507.28 58609.94 56553.23 38919.29 37216.30 36346.19 35095.72 35251.03 534.582% 60.15%  
  Bahamas 9208.73 5098.54 4223.07 4412.78 4402.23 4753.22 4728.30 4916.75 74.562% 96.43%  
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 4362.60 7350.39 5257.51 7613.37 8702.96 8670.87 8677.10 8459.85 128.294% 115.09%  
  Belarus 9918.21 13695.30 8054.94 10020.45 9408.02 9438.67 9256.04 9005.94 136.575% 65.76%  
  Belize 2241.78 2519.49 2031.64 2497.93 2093.79 2143.42 2153.16 2186.10 33.152% 86.77%  
  Bermuda 3083.89 4625.90 2774.22 5306.37 5674.20 5992.93 6010.83 6313.97 95.751% 136.49%  
  Bolivia 5994.77 4320.35 3523.96 4126.50 4159.41 4450.67 4506.61 4585.43 69.538% 106.14%  
  Brazil 3665.35 4496.60 5128.46 5739.33 5685.88 6013.21 5993.88 5965.80 90.471% 132.67%  
  Barbados 2094.87 3302.68 3111.99 3650.64 3006.89 3296.66 3304.98 3422.30 51.899% 103.62%  
  Brunei 21447.75 22773.40 25582.82 25797.37 28286.76 27466.17 26183.53 26430.31 400.816% 116.06%  
  Bhutan 2354.24 2333.40 2487.53 2839.83 3669.76 3776.03 3772.11 3780.32 57.329% 162.01%  
  Botswana 4859.91 6664.82 6113.13 4916.66 4348.41 4699.89 4965.03 5012.92 76.021% 75.21%  
  Central African Republic 890.61 2567.67 2435.48 2445.70 2539.67 2513.80 2537.86 2382.36 36.128% 92.78%  
  Canada 21738.98 21013.22 23112.25 21207.28 18932.73 19203.35 19487.61 19391.50 294.072% 92.28%  
  Switzerland and   Liechtenstein 8318.16 8189.82 7477.48 7023.28 5187.95 5352.36 4956.50 4911.42 74.482% 59.97%  
  Chile 5272.15 4393.97 5531.74 6043.17 6717.55 6734.25 6693.07 6440.59 97.672% 146.58%  
  China 2467.42 3306.23 4085.67 8283.01 10177.19 10623.61 10587.45 11113.30 168.533% 336.13%  
  Ivory Coast 1215.88 837.55 986.99 957.89 1127.19 1175.21 1169.86 1141.97 17.318% 136.35%  
  Cameroon 1135.96 2547.66 1988.47 1516.71 1493.76 1461.25 1447.60 1408.54 21.361% 55.29%  
  Democratic Republic of the Congo 555.78 735.49 568.98 481.45 567.49 565.71 583.80 571.58 8.668% 77.71%  
  Congo 1767.87 4448.50 6710.98 5010.38 4401.31 3964.78 3965.08 3862.15 58.569% 86.82%  
  Cook Islands 1286.60 2845.00 4113.49 5194.95 7798.38 8387.85 8809.64 9077.54 137.661% 319.07%  
  Colombia 3839.73 3929.82 3800.21 3761.33 3912.82 4114.13 4185.28 4370.68 66.281% 111.22%  
  Comoros 964.49 800.88 769.87 762.07 887.86 871.16 835.38 822.64 12.475% 102.72%  
  Cape Verde 844.91 624.35 1213.06 1904.38 2097.01 2113.09 2166.17 2094.42 31.762% 335.46%  
  Costa Rica 3122.08 3110.14 2789.93 2982.93 2849.24 3083.02 3105.30 3185.33 48.305% 102.42%  
  Cuba 5254.84 5848.56 4381.07 4179.33 3437.72 3378.50 3323.79 3423.73 51.921% 58.54%  
  Cayman Islands 3918.08 5161.05 3612.86 4913.96 5256.08 5680.63 5707.17 5911.18 89.643% 114.53%  
  Cyprus 4673.45 7066.65 8614.52 8502.41 7728.10 7906.57 8232.33 8380.40 127.089% 118.59%  
  Czech Republic 22449.60 19338.04 15406.98 13793.69 11094.66 11607.33 11656.41 10766.62 163.276% 55.68%  
  Germany 16873.88 15620.58 12705.93 11651.26 9084.03 9486.48 9225.88 8258.76 125.244% 52.87%  
  Djibouti 6154.26 3123.78 2600.34 2357.31 2084.64 2118.75 2064.12 2048.42 31.064% 65.58%  
  Dominica 453.15 1120.78 1651.73 1965.01 1795.19 1871.82 1901.06 1933.15 29.316% 172.48%  
  Denmark 16295.69 13430.54 13025.36 11379.74 7514.02 7723.14 7397.94 7131.18 108.144% 53.10%  
  Dominican Republic 2132.80 2404.92 3288.78 3465.64 3871.77 4119.09 4098.59 4234.14 64.211% 176.06%  
  Algeria 3930.50 5230.33 5077.45 5119.95 5564.59 5775.56 5903.69 5683.88 86.196% 108.67%  
  Ecuador 2247.92 3716.78 3607.30 4526.69 3723.34 3906.29 3969.90 4082.79 61.916% 109.85%  
  Egypt 1719.67 2571.96 2804.58 3473.12 2979.98 3174.13 3132.46 3107.45 47.124% 120.82%  
  Eritrea 2253.69 1501.62 1600.38 1260.04 1159.06 1148.85 1121.50 1103.19 16.730% 73.47%  
  Western Sahara 2890.15 1857.69 1790.63 1287.49 1002.94 1062.65 1087.67 1069.99 16.226% 57.60%  
  Spain and   Andorra 5605.40 7574.81 9696.02 8020.00 6250.38 6643.75 6567.43 6152.24 93.299% 81.22%  
  Estonia 18734.10 28406.61 14778.43 18837.01 11157.57 11783.80 12040.47 11143.50 168.991% 39.23%  
  Ethiopia 1857.38 1307.03 1079.20 1363.84 1507.58 1428.31 1413.06 1408.25 21.356% 107.74%  
  Finland 12564.83 14455.53 14211.24 15169.99 9434.76 9369.11 8584.72 7711.36 116.943% 53.35%  
  Fiji 2789.02 3031.56 3520.16 3640.02 3342.91 3377.52 3535.03 3610.40 54.752% 119.09%  
  Falkland Islands 77832.14 82849.34 53686.22 57504.28 56311.17 56769.63 56854.75 57463.78 871.438% 69.36%  
  France and   Monaco 12521.69 9357.55 9063.20 8104.98 6061.23 6511.82 6287.30 5805.59 88.042% 62.04%  
  Faroe Islands 1149.99 976.75 973.64 960.40 1016.13 1019.99 992.29 994.12 15.076% 101.78%  
  Gabon 11538.26 21421.29 22664.06 12783.82 9185.09 8581.54 8827.48 9374.54 142.165% 43.76%  
  United Kingdom 15369.38 13301.23 11722.35 9328.87 5934.63 6198.53 5973.22 5545.19 84.093% 41.69%  
  Georgia 6389.97 7739.00 2401.53 2835.44 4449.43 4674.96 4830.98 4933.74 74.820% 63.75%  
  Ghana 815.45 709.78 806.27 972.97 1475.73 1497.75 1505.56 1477.60 22.408% 208.18%  
  Gibraltar 2866.93 5419.50 11491.10 14905.05 18919.01 19131.61 19955.12 20353.50 308.661% 375.56%  
  Guinea 1186.62 1291.10 1286.43 1713.91 1915.00 1912.92 1931.67 1928.52 29.246% 149.37%  
  Guadeloupe 1289.08 2417.11 2057.50 2875.00 3139.72 3143.28 3144.03 3263.90 49.497% 135.03%  
  The Gambia 1569.78 1035.02 1022.02 1161.21 838.55 778.55 790.39 756.73 11.476% 73.11%  
  Guinea-Bissau 1067.14 1635.76 1613.82 1683.40 1445.28 1430.71 1430.85 1398.08 21.202% 85.47%  
  Equatorial Guinea 407.84 433.31 19551.13 15755.32 6639.88 5939.83 5458.64 4519.16 68.533% 1042.93%  
  Greece 5213.89 9665.41 10864.65 9745.77 6458.44 6597.37 6623.91 6290.62 95.397% 65.08%  
  Grenada 552.67 963.37 1019.58 1617.87 1621.43 1752.74 1732.32 1805.47 27.380% 187.41%  
  Greenland 1231.26 1102.80 1057.45 12641.02 10426.13 10755.87 11242.18 11355.52 172.206% 1029.70%  
  Guatemala 1492.35 1414.44 1859.63 1928.76 2194.25 2315.41 2277.58 2325.81 35.271% 164.43%  
  French Guiana 2345.64 3162.16 1996.34 1994.81 1789.65 1774.69 1736.13 1758.86 26.673% 55.62%  
  Guyana 7116.59 5059.31 6242.26 6518.83 9314.45 9255.38 10369.51 10200.48 154.690% 201.62%  
  Hong Kong 2999.21 6779.62 7000.25 6707.24 5368.63 5326.66 4975.31 5226.77 79.264% 77.10%  
  Honduras 2135.50 1841.25 1753.92 2238.35 2091.88 2178.01 2206.90 2255.03 34.198% 122.47%  
  Croatia 6449.45 7002.87 5648.60 6350.59 6083.65 6198.07 6141.65 6180.75 93.731% 88.26%  
  Haiti 1319.43 1031.80 1129.12 1189.56 1187.31 1167.06 1162.58 1162.69 17.632% 112.69%  
  Hungary 8786.95 9322.84 7581.31 6818.10 6843.32 7000.12 6729.09 6403.23 97.105% 68.68%  
  Indonesia 1796.77 2188.63 2660.93 3224.38 3858.38 3918.73 4155.09 4287.44 65.019% 195.90%  
  India 1432.16 1589.49 1752.48 2232.06 2482.38 2633.32 2761.21 2900.42 43.985% 182.48%  
  Ireland 13424.62 16039.79 19348.93 14403.21 12123.27 12447.34 12168.19 11577.60 175.574% 72.18%  
  Iran 7740.44 5917.45 7743.65 10300.22 10639.03 11050.32 11302.33 11643.08 176.567% 196.76%  
  Iraq 10470.22 9847.13 7143.44 6845.99 7989.38 7880.19 8352.30 8084.34 122.599% 82.10%  
  Iceland 15723.24 17298.61 13949.83 15522.14 12233.42 12597.64 12560.53 11885.86 180.249% 68.71%  
  Israel and   State of Palestine 18282.61 6334.05 7473.90 7226.48 5566.35 5484.99 5541.97 5364.14 81.347% 84.69%  
  Italy,   San Marino and   Holy See 7359.42 8957.34 9486.96 8460.66 6248.03 6888.82 6839.87 6359.09 96.436% 70.99%  
  Jamaica 4920.04 3794.04 4492.81 3168.62 2459.37 2648.94 2618.38 2787.88 42.278% 73.48%  
  Jordan 2083.43 3408.39 3865.30 3641.38 2969.48 3051.54 3058.47 3189.58 48.370% 93.58%  
  Japan 9685.72 10578.70 10907.85 10301.09 9239.48 9371.02 8811.47 8310.95 126.035% 78.56%  
  Kazakhstan 20417.57 20980.01 11762.06 19385.46 16000.42 17049.80 16774.72 16601.03 251.754% 79.13%  
  Kenya 2020.90 1638.72 1312.61 1898.69 2026.89 1858.50 1859.54 1881.29 28.530% 114.80%  
  Kyrgyzstan 7742.53 7631.50 2217.01 2601.62 3174.61 3351.68 3316.89 3320.82 50.360% 43.51%  
  Cambodia 3657.21 2196.52 1869.50 2282.98 2782.41 2842.35 2772.71 2805.57 42.546% 127.73%  
  Kiribati 540.95 461.20 620.78 839.84 947.97 974.10 1003.11 1017.00 15.423% 220.51%  
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 1302.63 1466.30 2072.94 2820.06 2491.59 2730.07 2852.65 3008.17 45.619% 205.15%  
  South Korea 3094.69 7573.43 11364.82 13399.80 13378.90 13751.97 12897.79 12583.64 190.831% 166.16%  
  Kuwait 106373.45 24072.74 42938.85 42017.19 34635.78 36184.49 37399.68 37447.76 567.895% 155.56%  
  Laos 2568.12 1884.27 1833.62 2363.84 4812.29 5341.29 5446.45 5645.89 85.620% 299.63%  
  Lebanon 2946.63 2871.48 5613.65 5740.25 4732.35 3981.12 4079.52 4266.35 64.699% 148.58%  
  Liberia 1107.21 815.72 723.25 805.71 853.43 843.89 851.07 824.67 12.506% 101.10%  
  Libya 64281.68 19621.80 17127.88 17185.09 9663.98 13357.00 13044.00 13912.95 210.990% 70.91%  
  Saint Lucia 738.23 1064.24 1359.96 1670.80 2188.87 2357.73 2360.49 2465.94 37.396% 231.71%  
  Sri Lanka 1528.24 1217.12 1390.81 1540.72 1887.52 1918.73 1776.71 1806.47 27.395% 148.42%  
  Lesotho 1844.76 1321.93 1423.86 1363.41 1045.90 1074.83 1114.11 1080.08 16.379% 81.71%  
  Lithuania 9439.49 12637.50 5265.93 7275.10 7951.23 7920.83 7356.30 7350.27 111.467% 58.16%  
  Luxembourg 60371.96 33830.62 22457.88 24023.16 14631.17 15070.47 13127.89 12537.37 190.129% 37.06%  
  Latvia 7264.63 10164.08 4274.89 5942.82 6153.72 6327.75 5962.07 5948.69 90.212% 58.53%  
  Macao 1349.35 2927.77 3597.85 3352.49 4555.50 4389.32 4501.60 4573.33 69.354% 156.21%  
  Morocco 1390.55 1706.71 1963.54 2486.29 2783.27 2914.38 2807.70 2781.97 42.189% 163.00%  
  Moldova 6504.28 8566.30 2349.84 2805.14 3064.12 3297.28 3245.98 3405.18 51.640% 39.75%  
  Madagascar 3080.14 2062.43 1639.45 1337.96 1145.83 1161.38 1141.17 1107.31 16.792% 53.69%  
  Maldives 181.17 608.15 2508.48 3219.27 5889.66 6091.60 6327.32 6446.66 97.764% 1060.05%  
  Mexico 3951.63 5158.46 5564.77 5710.91 4809.75 4952.97 5023.37 5148.11 78.071% 99.80%  
  North Macedonia 7134.87 7216.04 5608.10 5670.29 4929.49 4902.08 5266.29 5440.21 82.501% 75.39%  
  Mali 1969.05 1485.87 1501.61 1772.99 2144.16 2174.31 2083.86 2052.23 31.122% 138.12%  
  Malta 2469.06 6834.07 5907.75 7117.36 4554.98 4554.83 4844.75 4654.15 70.580% 68.10%  
  Myanmar 2633.52 1658.08 1805.34 2160.56 2210.24 2156.91 2123.83 2049.24 31.077% 123.59%  
  Mongolia 12317.07 11783.43 10487.95 14102.88 20418.38 20699.37 20315.65 25144.06 381.309% 213.38%  
  Mozambique 1046.92 667.36 600.44 607.65 882.51 960.62 1007.64 966.47 14.656% 144.82%  
  Mauritania 4916.82 3275.15 3372.37 3157.47 3345.62 3287.37 3266.17 3199.47 48.520% 97.69%  
  Martinique 1117.27 2507.92 2143.85 2868.61 2330.62 2697.18 3029.53 3164.73 47.993% 126.19%  
  Mauritius 995.93 1745.49 2735.55 3992.32 4369.91 4591.72 4671.41 4842.76 73.440% 277.44%  
  Malawi 518.56 622.22 715.21 754.25 852.80 883.41 867.27 894.30 13.562% 143.73%  
  Malaysia 4193.55 5118.89 7071.66 9126.15 8964.79 9005.57 9367.52 9534.03 144.583% 186.25%  
  Namibia 8288.24 4632.42 4391.45 4572.16 4174.18 4414.39 4553.91 4503.91 68.302% 97.23%  
  New Caledonia 12833.74 11358.84 11779.81 14921.93 24067.48 20611.57 21352.11 22270.09 337.726% 196.06%  
  Niger 2453.35 1343.23 1428.44 1419.58 1543.28 1565.15 1575.43 1569.56 23.802% 116.85%  
  Nigeria 3254.47 2921.24 3312.74 2180.92 1849.32 1829.30 1753.16 1732.02 26.266% 59.29%  
  Nicaragua 3743.99 2446.34 2587.77 2692.50 2982.91 3048.09 3089.19 3122.18 47.348% 127.63%  
  Netherlands 13760.80 14913.45 14132.27 13141.66 9923.63 10140.32 9328.36 8701.06 131.951% 58.34%  
  Norway 13922.23 12872.11 12641.34 12806.53 10484.93 10528.33 10310.80 10120.82 153.482% 78.63%  
  Nepal 2079.12 1621.55 1444.71 1472.76 1812.89 1811.11 1807.70 1821.10 27.617% 112.31%  
  New Zealand 20249.40 20972.84 21059.08 19383.70 17536.34 17346.11 16962.77 16994.92 257.728% 81.03%  
  Oman 20504.73 19291.62 22954.27 25126.31 21984.44 22743.48 23348.72 23427.03 355.271% 121.44%  
  Pakistan 1723.94 1871.23 2016.61 2213.19 2523.48 2597.98 2483.75 2425.29 36.779% 129.61%  
  Panama 4069.26 2851.46 3224.72 4098.95 3685.64 3958.88 4181.09 4755.68 72.120% 166.78%  
  Peru 2860.90 2045.88 2246.93 2611.67 2432.50 2611.56 2707.41 2732.46 41.438% 133.56%  
  Philippines 2436.14 1633.50 1773.36 1732.33 2090.64 2159.97 2165.84 2237.15 33.926% 136.95%  
  Palau 188715.09 155331.00 116877.14 107735.74 59539.31 63169.63 63571.86 65289.25 990.111% 42.03%  
  Papua New Guinea 769.93 942.57 1090.27 919.68 1098.19 1036.42 1045.10 1040.13 15.774% 110.35%  
  Poland 14837.27 13512.28 10761.59 10881.15 9949.61 10703.44 10524.94 9668.69 146.626% 71.55%  
  Puerto Rico 11604.14 6181.63 7334.61 4343.16 4018.55 4082.97 4085.75 4420.47 67.036% 71.51%  
  North Korea 6853.23 8261.25 4415.28 4017.11 3743.93 3198.38 3288.65 3446.17 52.261% 41.71%  
  Portugal 3402.44 5879.35 7810.38 6415.48 5622.49 5478.61 5539.77 5240.72 79.475% 89.14%  
  Paraguay 4205.61 4937.34 4692.28 5862.28 6023.05 6076.29 5753.16 5691.08 86.305% 115.27%  
  French Polynesia 1747.80 4777.97 3454.90 4081.98 4164.12 4321.01 4529.57 4659.51 70.661% 97.52%  
  Qatar 214940.09 55172.46 101302.61 52675.43 50200.32 50397.61 50005.15 52565.05 797.149% 95.27%  
  Réunion 1115.29 1895.69 3176.56 3574.84 3230.16 3214.03 3195.53 3188.54 48.354% 168.20%  
  Romania 8493.96 10275.07 5909.29 5744.99 5713.04 6003.44 5778.50 5539.11 84.001% 53.91%  
  Russia 13242.54 20775.37 14270.11 15390.80 16660.88 17738.97 18275.93 18658.97 282.963% 89.81%  
  Rwanda 1127.11 770.02 496.33 559.26 575.23 574.58 546.84 536.73 8.139% 69.70%  
  Saudi Arabia 13787.57 14487.73 16866.52 21991.97 21119.88 21302.23 21984.45 22173.94 336.268% 153.05%  
  Serbia and   Montenegro 5319.06 8421.82 6518.79 7552.63 7653.62 7466.29 7445.89 7275.92 110.339% 86.39%  
  Sudan and   South Sudan 2778.57 2360.68 2826.49 2815.99 2461.18 2331.13 2267.77 2231.50 33.841% 94.53%  
  Senegal 1824.12 1316.22 1372.77 1502.51 1567.82 1605.96 1588.00 1550.15 23.508% 117.77%  
  Singapore 3590.98 11203.74 14625.83 11440.42 11469.06 11827.17 11895.21 12216.76 185.267% 109.04%  
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 1169.36 2404.02 2785.53 3512.95 4621.65 4848.15 5184.56 5317.76 80.644% 221.20%  
  Solomon Islands 949.29 983.65 1002.66 1105.87 1005.27 1021.73 1043.91 1053.83 15.981% 107.13%  
  Sierra Leone 1090.76 932.68 784.67 879.73 824.22 910.32 826.96 812.28 12.318% 87.09%  
  El Salvador 1502.04 1370.66 1766.28 1869.42 1731.10 1858.91 1913.05 1984.09 30.089% 144.75%  
  Somalia 5394.35 3456.87 3125.84 2486.74 2014.57 1944.45 1893.87 1846.38 28.000% 53.41%  
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7596.39 15680.67 3738.63 6767.00 6742.52 6448.23 6601.35 6653.39 100.899% 42.43%  
  São Tomé and Príncipe 460.27 723.04 828.36 1123.42 1194.83 1178.68 1289.76 1302.38 19.751% 180.13%  
  Suriname 5462.04 5720.12 5333.79 5406.51 6487.36 6425.75 6232.35 6324.40 95.909% 110.56%  
  Slovakia 12695.61 14227.76 9537.09 9221.46 7799.16 8582.38 8346.16 8220.23 124.660% 57.78%  
  Slovenia 8848.25 10678.98 10267.36 10785.07 8561.37 8631.64 8248.36 7689.19 116.607% 72.00%  
  Sweden 14219.46 8765.13 8513.37 7265.17 5141.71 5293.02 4889.30 4761.84 72.213% 54.33%  
  Eswatini 4108.25 3737.24 3065.87 2315.79 2102.85 2143.02 2183.15 2179.95 33.059% 58.33%  
  Seychelles 2483.51 4488.25 10166.86 10871.32 12690.05 12797.33 13420.55 13801.12 209.294% 307.49%  
  Syria 2463.34 5094.60 5176.78 4219.84 2142.19 2045.90 1964.53 1919.00 29.102% 37.67%  
  Turks and Caicos Islands 798.87 793.79 1361.73 2702.49 2606.85 2846.33 2770.57 2901.44 44.000% 365.52%  
  Chad 2450.07 2879.96 3197.19 3934.24 5034.09 5100.01 5275.79 5372.16 81.469% 186.54%  
  Togo 890.88 873.16 965.41 1138.21 1144.69 1178.75 1192.37 1180.13 17.897% 135.16%  
  Thailand 3197.09 3835.90 4668.87 6079.27 6248.61 6179.50 6360.66 6331.18 96.012% 165.05%  
  Tajikistan 4867.92 4165.88 1690.11 1553.42 2220.65 2193.00 2155.01 2141.03 32.469% 51.39%  
  Turkmenistan 13128.95 16641.31 13217.25 17464.94 16544.97 16076.59 16102.11 15734.05 238.607% 94.55%  
  East Timor 1072.20 689.86 1062.05 1925.34 1385.30 1357.99 1398.59 1362.65 20.665% 197.53%  
  Tonga 795.68 2045.69 2134.77 2293.57 2811.86 2877.26 2958.39 3027.49 45.912% 147.99%  
  Trinidad and Tobago 9617.81 13013.89 18509.24 36199.66 26502.21 25650.70 25219.29 24755.27 375.414% 190.22%  
  Tunisia 2069.71 2820.39 3260.96 3771.82 3376.99 3585.76 3498.73 3561.79 54.015% 126.29%  
  Turkey 2862.82 4111.41 4968.22 5729.02 6958.42 7390.87 7043.65 7100.72 107.682% 172.71%  
  Taiwan 3560.65 7221.64 11877.72 13574.71 13299.56 13726.65 13203.15 12850.49 194.878% 177.94%  
  Tanzania 1430.86 1125.51 1133.45 1168.81 1327.08 1346.37 1314.85 1309.43 19.858% 116.34%  
  Uganda 1154.14 865.68 807.84 1045.66 1063.87 1089.50 1056.48 1029.87 15.618% 118.97%  
  Ukraine 12893.75 18819.39 9306.51 8826.10 6598.37 6493.03 5017.96 5035.25 76.360% 26.76%  
  Uruguay 10271.19 9406.20 10298.69 11503.60 11136.84 12142.41 11981.77 11801.05 178.963% 125.46%  
  United States 27619.18 24588.34 25545.28 21738.96 17112.45 17968.71 17986.66 17608.22 267.029% 71.61%  
  Uzbekistan 6584.43 8039.28 6745.42 6743.29 5957.24 6250.34 6352.96 6231.31 94.498% 77.51%  
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 505.15 716.99 859.36 1405.56 1229.64 1308.86 1312.34 1358.33 20.599% 189.45%  
  Venezuela 9190.22 8222.93 9074.70 8962.11 4109.94 4013.62 4240.50 4441.43 67.354% 54.01%  
  British Virgin Islands 1609.10 1763.38 1925.13 3102.64 2435.15 2624.00 2636.43 2678.50 40.619% 151.90%  
  Vietnam 2067.91 1530.91 2046.48 3327.16 5057.10 4940.90 4727.08 5185.08 78.632% 338.69%  
  Vanuatu 3422.53 3221.38 2858.66 2866.52 2140.23 2145.88 2152.75 2148.12 32.576% 66.68%  
  Samoa 1102.17 1814.31 2082.85 2519.67 2826.16 3055.11 3131.38 3167.37 48.033% 174.58%  
  Yemen 871.50 1451.89 1814.05 2244.23 1087.05 1081.51 1050.64 1000.12 15.167% 68.88%  
  South Africa 10557.25 10835.75 9868.06 11291.68 9225.11 9281.14 8884.37 8614.20 130.634% 79.50%  
  Zambia 2985.99 1928.71 1408.13 1362.45 1463.90 1468.63 1507.14 1495.36 22.677% 77.53%  
  Zimbabwe 4197.29 3373.04 2656.70 1951.07 1514.14 1599.03 1617.61 1648.74 25.003% 48.88%  
  Global Average 6487.57 6140.34 5888.42 6585.82 6330.14 6548.49 6533.77 6594.13 100.000% 107.39%  
  European Union 11904.37 11607.11 10461.10 9614.18 7637.95 8062.23 7849.39 7264.10 110.160% 62.58%  

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.
  2. ^ Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, but not the only one. To capture all greenhouse gas emissions, researchers express them in carbon dioxide-equivalents (CO2eq). This takes all greenhouse gases into account, not just CO2. To express all greenhouse gases in carbon dioxide-equivalents (CO2eq), each one is weighted by its "global warming potential" (GWP) value. GWP measures the amount of warming a gas creates compared to CO2. CO2 is given a GWP value of one. If a gas had a GWP of 10 then one kilogram of that gas would generate ten times the warming effect as one kilogram of CO2. Carbon dioxide-equivalents are calculated for each gas by multiplying the mass of emissions of a specific greenhouse gas by its GWP factor. This warming can be stated over different timescales. To calculate CO2eq over 100 years, we’d multiply each gas by its GWP over a 100-year timescale (GWP100). Total greenhouse gas emissions – measured in CO2eq – are then calculated by summing each gas’ CO2eq value.
  3. ^
     
    Global Carbon Project (2022)[4]
    The rate of build-up of GHG in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO2 can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO2 (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[3]

References

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  1. ^ "Total greenhouse gas emissions per capita". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  2. ^ "Greenhouse gas emissions". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  3. ^ a b c d United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". unfccc.int. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  4. ^ Global Carbon Project (2022). "Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]". Global Carbon Project. doi:10.18160/gcp-2022. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  5. ^ "Per capita greenhouse gas emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  6. ^ a b c Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 2024-09-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  8. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  9. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis | Summary for Policymakers (PDF). p. 40. ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6.
  10. ^ Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
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