The Groznensky okrug[a] was a district (okrug) of the Terek Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Groznensky okrug made up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Grozny.[1]
Groznensky okrug
Грозненскій округъ | |
|---|---|
 Location in the Terek Oblast | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Oblast | Terek |
| Established | 1888 |
| Abolished | 1921 |
| Capital | Grozny |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,972.44 km2 (1,919.87 sq mi) |
| Population (1916) | |
| • Total | 195,744 |
| • Density | 39/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 27.36% |
| • Rural | 72.64% |
Administrative divisions
editThe subcounties (uchastoks) of the Groznensky okrug were as follows:[2]
| Name | 1912 population |
|---|---|
| 1-y uchastok (1-й участок) | 27,718 |
| 2-y uchastok (2-й участок) | 20,557 |
| 3-y uchastok (3-й участок) | – |
| 4-y uchastok (4-й участок) | 26,772 |
Demographics
editRussian Empire Census
editAccording to the Russian Empire Census, the Groznensky okrug had a population of 226,035 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 117,888 men and 108,147 women. The majority of the population indicated Chechen to be their mother tongue, with a significant Russian speaking minority.[3]
| Language | Native speakers | % |
|---|---|---|
| Chechen | 202,273 | 89.49 |
| Russian | 12,945 | 5.73 |
| Kumyk | 1,930 | 0.85 |
| Jewish | 1,825 | 0.81 |
| Ukrainian | 1,506 | 0.67 |
| Circassian | 1,037 | 0.46 |
| Polish | 849 | 0.38 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 786 | 0.35 |
| Avar-Andean | 460 | 0.20 |
| Armenian | 399 | 0.18 |
| Tatar[b] | 354 | 0.16 |
| Persian | 301 | 0.13 |
| Georgian | 248 | 0.11 |
| Dargin | 210 | 0.09 |
| Lithuanian | 208 | 0.09 |
| German | 164 | 0.07 |
| Ingush | 136 | 0.06 |
| Greek | 96 | 0.04 |
| Bashkir | 66 | 0.03 |
| Belarusian | 34 | 0.02 |
| Romani | 31 | 0.01 |
| Romanian | 30 | 0.01 |
| Ossetian | 15 | 0.01 |
| Nogai | 13 | 0.01 |
| Turkmen | 7 | 0.00 |
| Imeretian | 6 | 0.00 |
| Karachay | 6 | 0.00 |
| Kabardian | 4 | 0.00 |
| Other | 96 | 0.04 |
| TOTAL | 226,035 | 100.00 |
Kavkazskiy kalendar
editAccording to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Groznensky okrug had a population of 195,744 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 108,989 men and 86,755 women, 148,978 of whom were the permanent population, and 46,766 were temporary residents:[6]
| Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| North Caucasians | 7,069 | 13.20 | 126,011 | 88.62 | 133,080 | 67.99 |
| Russians | 42,353 | 79.09 | 15,422 | 10.85 | 57,775 | 29.52 |
| Other Europeans | 1,488 | 2.78 | 430 | 0.30 | 1,918 | 0.98 |
| Armenians | 1,512 | 2.82 | 332 | 0.23 | 1,844 | 0.94 |
| Jews | 1,127 | 2.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,127 | 0.58 |
| TOTAL | 53,549 | 100.00 | 142,195 | 100.00 | 195,744 | 100.00 |
Notes
edit- ^
- Russian: Грозне́нский о́круг, pre-reform orthography: Грозне́нскій о́кругъ, romanized: Groznénsky ókrug
- ^ Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[4][5]
References
edit- ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 180–187.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
- ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 226–237.
Bibliography
edit- Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
- Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.