Kukatj, also rendered Gugadj, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. The name Kalibamu has also been assigned to it, although this may be a separate dialect.[2][3] It is spoken by the Kukatj people. A single speaker was last recorded in 1975.
| Kukatj | |
|---|---|
| Gugadj | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Kukatj, Kalibamu |
| Extinct | late 20th century |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ggd |
| Glottolog | guga1239 |
| AIATSIS[1] | G28, G27 |
| ELP | Kukatj |
It has also been referred to as Kukatja, but this is not to be confused with the Kukatja Western Desert Language spoken south of Balgo, Western Australia, or the Luritja dialect of the Western Desert Language, spoken in the Northern Territory also referred to as Kukatja by some.
Other synonyms for Kukatj are Marago, Gudadj, Gudadji, Gugady, Gugatj, Kokatj, Kukatji, Kukatyi, and Konggada.[2]
Kalibamu
editAIATSIS assigns a separate code to Kalibamu (G27), with the synonyms Kukatj, Galimbamu, Galibamu, Golbiri, and Kotanda, although its status is listed as "Unconfirmed" as of October 2020[update]. It says that while Galibamu is reported as a separate dialect by Capell (1963) and Tindale, Breen (2006) says that Galibamu appears to be the same as what he calls Kukatj.[4]
It was spoken by the Kalibamu people.
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
| Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | (ʈ) | |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | (ɳ) | |
| Rhotic | trill | r | |||||
| tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | (ɭ) | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||||
- Retroflex sounds [ʈ, ɳ, ɭ] occur as a result of alveolar sounds /t, n, l/ following rhotic sounds in the following sequences /-rt-, -rn-, -rl-/.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i, iː | u, uː | |
| Mid | (ə) | ||
| Open | a, aː |
- /ə/ exists as an underlying vowel within consonant positions.[5]
References
edit- ^ G28 Kukatj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
- ^ a b G28 Kukatj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Bowern, Claire (6 February 2012). "Master List of Australian Languages, v1.2" (Downloadable spreadsheet.). Historical and Pama-Nyungan Lab. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ G27 Kalibamu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Breen, J. G. (1992). Some problems in Kukatj phonology. Australian Journal of Linguistics 12. pp. 1–43.
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