Wikipedia

Gustav Sprick

Gustav "Micky" Sprick (29 November 1917 – 28 June 1941) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and squadron leader during World War II. He is credited with 31 victories in 192 missions. All his victories were claimed over the Western Front.

Gustav Sprick
Nickname(s)"Micky"
Born29 November 1917
Biemsen, German Empire
Died28 June 1941
Holque, France
Buried
Bourdon German war cemetery, France
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
Years of service1935–41
RankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
UnitJG 26
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Born in Biemsen, Sprick was posted to Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) in September 1939 and claimed his first aerial victory on the first day of the Battle of France. In August 1940, Sprick was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 26. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 October after gaining his 20th aerial victory. On 28 June 1941, Sprick was killed in action when his Messerschmitt Bf 109 lost its wing due to structural failure.

Early life and career

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Sprick, who was born on 29 November 1917 in Biemsen, at the time in the Principality of Lippe. After completing his pilot-training, Fähnrich Sprick was posted to Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) on 23 September 1939, and assigned to 8. Staffel (8th squadron), a squadron of III. Gruppe (3rd group).[1][Note 1] JG 26 was named after Albert Leo Schlageter, a martyr cultivated by the Nazi Party.[2] At the time, 8. Staffel was under the command of Oberleutnant Eduard Neumann and III. Gruppe was headed by Major Ernst Freiherr von Berg.[3]

World War II

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World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. During the campaign against France, JG 26 was controlled by Jagdfliegerführer 2, Oberst Kurt-Bertram von Döring, and was deployed on the right flank of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2), supporting the attack of Army Group B against the Netherlands.[4] On 10 May 1940, the opening day of Fall Gelb (the invasion of the West), the now Leutnant Sprick shot down his first enemy aircraft: a Dutch Fokker T.V twin-engined bomber, over Breda in the Netherlands.[5] The next day, III. Gruppe attacked a formation of Curtiss Hawk Model 75A fighters from Groupe de Chasse I/4 (GC—fighter group) over the Antwerp-Breda road. The Gruppe claimed five Curtiss fighters destroyed, including Sprick's second aerial victory.[6] On 17 May, III. Gruppe transferred to Saint-Trond and Sprick claimed a Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 near Grammont.[7]

Having scored nine victories by the fall of France, he had been promoted to Oberleutnant. He was shot down however, on 14 June near Évreux, by RAF (Royal Air Force) Hurricane fighters after claiming one of their number. But he managed to crash-land uninjured and was rescued by German troops.[8]

Squadron leader

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On 8 August 1940, Sprick was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 26, replacing Oberleutnant Kuno Wendt.[9] His Gruppe, III./JG 26 had a formidable team of leaders during the Battle of Britain, with the experienced Kommandeur Adolf Galland and Gerhard Schöpfel (9. Staffel), with Sprick (8. Staffel) and Joachim Müncheberg (7. Staffel). These four pilots all had 10 or more victories and over the next 2 months claimed 50 aircraft between them.

Sprick himself scored 11 victories in the battle, including a pair of Hurricanes of 85 Sqn on 31 August (his 14th & 15th victories). He was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 8 September,[1] and then the coveted Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 1 October after gaining his 20th victory on 28 September.[10] By the end of 1940, with the battle falling back into a relatively quiet period, his score had increased to 23. (Müncheberg had 23, Schöpfel had 22 and Galland with 58). On 27 November, Sprick claimed an aerial victory over a Spitfire in the vicinity of Deal. According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.[11] However, Sarkar states that Sprick shot down Keith Lawrence from No. 421 (Reconnaissance) Flight who was injured in the encounter that day.[12]

June 1941 marked the invasion of the Soviet Union in the east. With the majority of the Luftwaffe involved in Operation Barbarossa, it left just JG 26, JG 2 and JG 1 defending the west. Coinciding with this, the British started their own air offensive, taking the fight to the Germans over France. Now, however, the roles were reversed, and it was the RAF fighters that found themselves vulnerable, operating at the limit of their range.

On 16 June 1941, Sprick claimed his 24th aerial victory.[13] That day, the RAF had attacked Boulogne-sur-Mer with six Bristol Blenheim bombers in "Circus" No. 13. The bombers were escorted by six fighter squadrons from No. 11 Group.[14]

Death

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On 28 June, the RAF flew "Circus" No. 26, with the objective to bomb the electrical power station at Comines.[15] III. Gruppe, led by Schöpfel, was ordered to intercept the "Circus" escorted by No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron.[16][17] The 8 Staffel, which was flying the high cover, was jumped from above by Spitfires and in the ensuing melee, the right wing of Sprick's Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 5743—factory number) sheared off while he attempted an evasive Split S maneuver. He crashed to his death near Holque, inland from Calais.[18][19][20][21] Sprick is buried in the Bourdon German war cemetery, France in block 38, row 8, grave 305.[22]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for more than 30 aerial victory claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims. All of his aerial victories were claimed on the Western Front of World War II.[23]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Sprick did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[11]
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1?[Note 2] 10 May 1940
—
 Fokker T.V Breda[24]
—
 6 June 1940
—
 MB.151[24]
2 11 May 1940 19:30 Curtiss northwest of Antwerp[24]
—
 6 June 1940
—
 MB.151[24]
3 17 May 1940 18:30 M.S.406 Grammont[24]
—
 6 June 1940
—
 MB.151[24]
4 31 May 1940 15:40 Hurricane Furnes[24] 6 13 June 1940 12:39 Defiant vicinity of Paris[25]
5 2 June 1940 09:25 Spitfire Dunkirk[24] 7 14 Jun 1940 17:50 Hurricane Poix/Abbeville[25]
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[11]
Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 21 June 1941
8 12 August 1940 12:20 Hurricane northwest of Margate[26] 20 28 September 1940 11:30 Spitfire Canterbury[27]
9 15 August 1940 12:58 Spitfire Dover, northwest of Boulogne[28] 21 15 October 1940 13:45 Spitfire[27]
10 18 August 1940 13:50 Hurricane Canterbury[28] 22 25 October 1940 14:30 Spitfire Maidstone[27]
11 24 August 1940 12:20 Hurricane Ashford[28] 23 17 November 1940 10:22 Spitfire east of Harwich[27]
12 31 August 1940 19:05 Hurricane Folkestone[29]
—
[Note 3] 		27 November 1940 09:35 Spitfire Deal
13 31 August 1940 19:15 Hurricane Folkestone[29] 24 16 June 1941 16:35 Spitfire Dungeness[30]
14 1 September 1940 15:05 Hurricane London[29] 25 17 June 1941 19:42 Hurricane[30] north Étaples
15 3 September 1940 11:10 Spitfire Rochester[29] 26 17 June 1941 19:58 Hurricane[30] Dover Strait
16 6 September 1940 10:10 Spitfire southwest of Dungeness[29] 27 18 June 1941 18:20?[Note 4] Spitfire[30] Pas-de-Calais
17 11 September 1940 19:30 Hurricane Canterbury/Ashford[29] 28 21 June 1941 16:42 Hurricane[30] west of Boulogne
18 17 September 1940 16:35 Spitfire Gravesend[27] 29 21 June 1941 16:55 Spitfire[30] 20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Boulogne
19 23 September 1940 10:35 Spitfire Thames Estuary[27]
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[31]
Action at the Channel and over England — 22–28 June 1941
30 22 June 1941 16:20 Spitfire[32] off Gravelines 31 24 June 1941 20:58 Spitfire[32] off Gravelines

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[11]
  3. ^ This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[27]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 16:20.[31]
  5. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter".[34]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 208.
  2. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 3.
  3. ^ Prien et al. 2001a, p. 204.
  4. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 22.
  5. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 23.
  6. ^ Caldwell 1996, pp. 23–24.
  7. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 27.
  8. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 41.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 332.
  10. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 80.
  11. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1239.
  12. ^ Sarkar 2002, pp. 128–131.
  13. ^ Franks 2016, p. 45.
  14. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 134.
  15. ^ Franks 2016, p. 72.
  16. ^ Knoblock 2008, p. 79.
  17. ^ Caldwell 1996, p. 142.
  18. ^ Caldwell 1991, p. 89.
  19. ^ Weal 1999, p. 94.
  20. ^ Hall 2001, p. 11.
  21. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 552.
  22. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 38.
  23. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1239–1240.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2001b, p. 228.
  25. ^ a b Prien et al. 2001b, p. 229.
  26. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 335.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2002, p. 340.
  28. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2002, p. 336.
  29. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2002, p. 337.
  30. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2002, p. 341.
  31. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1240.
  32. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 548.
  33. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 406.
  34. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 715.

Bibliography

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  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1991). JG 26 Top Guns of the Luftwaffe. Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1050-1.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1996). The JG 26 War Diary: Volume One 1939–1942. London, UK: Grubstreet. ISBN 978-1-898697-52-7.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1939–1942. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-52677-864-2.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Franks, Norman (2016). Fighter Command's Air War 1941: RAF Circus Operations and Fighter Sweeps Against the Luftwaffe. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-47384-723-1.
  • Hall, Peter (2001). No. 91 'Nigeria' Sqn. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-160-2.
  • Knoblock, Glenn (2008). With Great Sacrifice and Bravery... Bennington, Vt: Merriam Press. ISBN 978-1-4357-5550-5.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 2—Der "Sitzkrieg"—1.9.1939 bis 9.5.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 2—The "Phoney War"—1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-59-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Sarkar, Dilip (2002). Battle of Britain – Last Look Back. Worcester, England: Ramrod Publications. ISBN 978-0-9538539-6-0.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Weal, John (1996). Bf109D/E Aces 1939–41. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-487-9.
  • Weal, John (1999). Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-905-8.
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