Wikipedia

List of World War II aces from Germany

(Redirected from Gustav Sturm)

This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least five aerial victories.[2]

Two aircraft were the backbone of the Luftwaffe fighter force during World War II: the Messerschmitt Bf 109 (shown above) and the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.

German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, over 25,000 British or American and over 45,000 Soviet aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots each shot down 100 or more enemy aircraft, for a total of approximately 15,400 victories. Approximately 360 German fighter pilots shot down from 40 to 99 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 21,000 victories. Approximately 500 German fighter pilots shot down from 20 to 39 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 15,000 victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day fighter pilots and Zerstörer (destroyer) fighter pilots and 85 German night fighter pilots (including 14 crew members), for a total of 538 German fighter pilots, receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[3]

German losses, on the other hand, were very high as well. Roughly 12,000 German day fighter pilots were killed or are still missing in action, with a further 6,000 being wounded. The Zerstörer (destroyer) pilots suffered about 2,800 casualties, either killed or missing in action, plus another 900 wounded in action. German night fighter losses were also high, in the magnitude of 3,800 pilots or crew members killed or missing and 1,400 wounded. Hans-Ulrich Rudel was the most decorated flying ace in the Luftwaffe, primarily as a ground-attack bomber pilot with over 800 vehicles destroyed in addition to his victories over opposing aircraft.[4]

Background

edit

There are a number of reasons why Germany's highest-scoring pilots shot down many more aircraft than the most successful Allied pilots. During the first years of the war, German day fighter pilots tended to enjoy favourable tactical circumstances; for instance, during the Battle of Britain British pilots generally tried to attack the German bombers rather than the fighters protecting them. German combat tactics during this period also tended to be superior to those of the Allies, with formation leaders in particular often having a higher chance of success.[5]

Formal and informal Luftwaffe practices also contributed to the high numbers of victories achieved by some pilots. The normal practice in fighter units was for the highest-scoring pilot to lead formations, regardless of their rank, which placed them in the best position to shoot down Allied aircraft. The German pilots also typically conducted much more combat flying than their Allied equivalents: while the western Allied air forces frequently rested their fighter pilots or rotated them out of combat zones after a certain number of missions or flying hours, German pilots were required to fly until they became casualties.[6]

Accuracy of claims

edit
Main article: Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories

During the 1990s, the German archives made available to the public, including microfilm rolls of wartime records not seen since January 1945.[7] They show that although the Luftwaffe generally did not accept a "kill" without a witness (in which instance it was considered only a probable and didn't count in the victory scoring process), some pilots habitually submitted unwitnessed claims and these sometimes made it through the verification process, particularly if they were made by pilots with established records.[7] Unlike all of the other air forces that fought during World War II, the Luftwaffe did not accept shared claims, but sometimes it happened. Each claim should have referred to a particular aircraft, but some victories were awarded to other pilots who had claimed the destruction of the same aircraft.[7] From mid-year 1943 through 1944, the OKW communiques often overstated Allied bomber losses by a factor of up to two; these claims existed only in the communiques and weren't used in victory scoring. Defenders of the German fighter pilots maintain that overclaims were eliminated during the confirmation process, but the microfilms show that this wasn't always the case.[7] Stringent reviews and comparisons of Allied archives and German archives show that 90 percent of the claims submitted were confirmed, or found to be "in order" for confirmation, up to the time the system broke down altogether in 1945.[7]

Aces

edit

By surname: A–F  • G–L  • M–P  • Q–S  • T–Z

Pilots with more than 100 aerial victory claims

edit

According to Obermaier, 103 Luftwaffe pilots were credited with more than 100 aerial victories.[9] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and list 94 Luftwaffe pilots in this category. The authors differentiate between confirmed and unconfirmed claims. In consequence the following pilots were not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[10]

Additionally, Spick lists Horst-Günther von Fassong with 136 aerial victories, Rudolf Rademacher with 126 aerial victories, and Herbert Rollwage with 102 aerial victories.[20] Further more, the US historian David T. Zabecki states that Friedrich Wachowiak was credited with 140 aerial victories,[21] and Paul-Heinrich Dähne with 100 aerial victories.[22] Lastly, the authors Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor James Constable list Rudolf Müller with 101 aerial victories.[23]

  This along with the ! (exclamation mark), indicates the first pilot to reach the 100th, 150th, 200th, 250th, or 300th victory claim.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Obermaier, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Name 100th Claim 150th Claim 200th Claim 250th Claim 300th Claim
Werner Mölders 15 July 1941![24]
Günther Lützow 24 October 1941[25]
Walter Oesau 26 October 1941[26]
Hans Philipp 31 March 1942[27] 14 January 1943[28] 17 March 1943[29]
Herbert Ihlefeld 22 April 1942[30]
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann 12 May 1942[31]
Hermann Graf 14 May 1942[32] 4 September 1942[33] 26 September 1942![34]
Adolf Dickfeld 18 May 1942[35]
Heinrich Bär 19 May 1942[36] 27 January 1943[37] 22 April 1944[38]
Gordon Gollob 20 May 1942[39] 29 August 1942![40]
Hans-Joachim Marseille 17 June 1942[41] 15 September 1942[42]
Erwin Clausen 22 July 1942[43]
Heinrich Setz 24 July 1942[44]
Viktor Bauer 25 July 1942[45]
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock 1 August 1942[46]
Anton Hackl 5 August 1942[47] 9 July 1944
Kurt Brändle 22 August 1942[48] 5 July 1943[49]
Johannes Steinhoff 31 August 1942[50] 2 February 1943[51]
Joachim Müncheberg 5 September 1942[52]
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 6 September 1942[53] 17 December 1942[54]
Heinz Schmidt 15 September 1942[50] 12 August 1943[55]
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller 19 September 1942[56]
Wilhelm Crinius 22 September 1942[57]
Wolfgang Tonne 22 September 1942[57]
Hans Beißwenger 30 September 1942[58] 5 March 1943[59]
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert 3 October 1942[60] 25 April 1943[61]
Günther Rall 22 October 1942[62] 7 August 1943[63] 29 August 1943[64] 28 November 1943[65]
Josef Zwernemann 25 October 1942[62]
Max Stotz 29 October 1942[66] 26 January 1943[67]
Friedrich Geißhardt 10 November 1942[68]
Gerhard Barkhorn 19 December 1942[69] 8 August 1943[55] 30 November 1943[70] 12 February 1944[71] 5 January 1945[72]
Hartmann Grasser 2 January 1943[73]
Kurt Ubben 14 January 1943[74]
Hans "Assi" Hahn 26 January 1943[67]
Wilhelm Lemke 16 March 1943[75]
Alfred Grislawski 27 April 1943[76]
Joachim Kirschner 27 April 1943[77] 5 July 1943[49]
Hans Dammers 5 May 1943[78]
Wolf-Udo Ettel 6 May 1943[77]
Heinrich Ehrler 8 June 1943[79] 25 May 1944[80] 20 November 1944[81]
Rudolf Miethig 8 June 1943[82]
Walter Nowotny 15 June 1943[83] 18 August 1943[84] 8 September 1943[85] 14 October 1943![86]
Theodor Weissenberger 4 July 1943[87] 25 March 1944[88] 25 July 1944[89]
Reinhard Seiler 6 July 1943[90]
Johannes Wiese 17 July 1943[91]
Emil Bitsch 21 July 1943[92]
Werner Lucas 21 July 1943[93]
Dietrich Hrabak 2 August 1943[94]
Karl-Heinz Weber 12 August 1943[95]
Berthold Korts 17 August 1943[96]
Walter Krupinski 18 August 1943[96] 12 October 1943[97]
Günther Schack 3 September 1943[98] 13 August 1944[99]
Otto Kittel 14 September 1943[100] 4 April 1944[101] 26 August 1944[102] 27 October 1944[103]
Erich Hartmann 20 September 1943[104] 13 December 1943[65] 26 March 1944[105] 4 June 1944[106] 24 August 1944![107]
Erich Rudorffer 11 October 1943[108] 26 July 1944[109] 28 October 1944[110]
Anton Hafner 15 October 1943[111] 16 July 1944[112] 16 October 1944[113]
Albin Wolf 25 October 1943[114]
Emil Lang 2 November 1943[115] 14 June 1944[116]
Erich Leie 6 November 1943[117]
Joachim Brendel 22 November 1943[117] 22 October 1944[118]
Otto Fönnekold 12 January 1944[119]
Horst Ademeit 15 January 1944[120] 28 May 1944[121]
Egon Mayer 5 February 1944[122]
Wilhelm Batz 22 March 1944[123] 31 May 1944[124] 17 August 1944[125]
Heinrich Sturm 23 March 1944[126] December 1944?[Note 1]
Heinrich Sterr 31 March 1944[128]
Helmut Lipfert 11 April 1944[129] 24 October 1944[129] 8 April 1945[129]
Hans Waldmann 11 April 1944[130]
Gerhard Hoffmann 22 April 1944[131]?[Note 2]
Fritz Tegtmeier 3 May 1944[133]
Karl Gratz 6 May 1944[134]
Robert Weiß 19 May 1944[135]
Werner Schröer 24 May 1944[136]
Walter Wolfrum 1 June 1944[137]
Kurt Bühligen 7 June 1944[138]
Heinz Sachsenberg 8 June 1944[139]
Josef Wurmheller 8 June 1944[140]?[Note 3]
Siegfried Freytag 13 June 1944[142]?[Note 4]
Josef Priller 15 June 1944[143]
Walter Schuck 15 June 1944[144] 23 August 1944[145] 24 March 1945[146]
Helmut Lent 16 June 1944[147]
Kurt Tanzer June 1944[141]
Rudolf Trenkel 14 July 1944[148]
Jakob Norz 17 July 1944[149]
Franz Woidich July 1944[141]
Günther Josten 20 July 1944[150] 17 February 1945[151]
Friedrich Obleser 21 July 1944[152]?[Note 5]
Adolf Borchers 24 July 1944[153]
Franz Dörr 23 August 1944[154]
Franz Schall 31 August 1944[155]
Franz Eisenach 14 September 1944[156]
Heinz Wernicke 14 September 1944[157]
Peter Düttmann 24 September 1944[158] 15 April 1945[159]
Gerhard Thyben 30 September 1944[160] 23 February 1945[161]
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 9 October 1944[132]
Hans-Joachim Birkner 16 October 1944[162]
Eberhard von Boremski January 1945[132]
Walther Dahl 28 February 1945[132]
Bernhard Vechtel 25 March 1945[163]
Ulrich Wernitz 26 March 1945[164]
August Lambert April 1945[132]
Heinz Marquardt 14 April 1945[165]
Adolf Galland 21 April 1945[132]

Heavy bomber aces

edit

The Luftwaffe fighter force defended the airspace of German-occupied territory against attack, first by RAF Bomber Command and then against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in the Combined Bomber Offensive. In particular, combating the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, flying in a combat box, posed a challenge to the Luftwaffe daytime fighter force. In consequence, the destruction of a heavy bomber, or the Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—was considered an exceptional achievement.[166] The Luftwaffe introduced a point system in 1943 which accounted for the difficulties in shooting down a heavy bomber. Although a single heavy bomber shot down or damaged still counted as one aerial victory, the accumulated points earned a fighter pilot awards, medals and promotions. The point system worked as follows:[167]

  • Three points were granted for the destruction of heavy bomber.
  • Two points were earned for the Herausschuss of a heavy bomber.
  • One point was awarded for the endgültige Vernichtung (final destruction), a coup de grâce inflicted on an already damaged heavy bomber.
  This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW) or killed in a flying accident (KIFA).
  This and the / (slash) indicates information discrepancies listed by Aders, Caldwell, Forsyth, Girbig, Held, Obermaier, Spick, Ring, Mathews, Foreman and Zabecki.
Name Heavy bomber claims Total wartime claims Unit Notes
Herbert Rollwage 44[168]/14[169]/10[170] 102[168] JG 53, JG 106 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Georg-Peter Eder 36[8]/23+[171] 78[172]/50+[173] JG 51, JG 2, JG 1, JG 26, Kdo Nowotny, EJG 2, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Anton Hackl 34[8]/16+[174] 192[175]/180+[176] JG 77, JG 11, JG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Konrad Bauer 32[8]/13[171] 68[177]/38+[178] JG 51, JG 3, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Walther Dahl 30[8]/22+[171] 129[179]/128[180]/90+[181] JG 3, JG z.b.v., JG 300, EJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Werner Schroer 26[8]/23[182] 114[183]/106[184] JG 3, JG 27, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Egon Mayer* 26[8]/27[122] 102[168][185] JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 2 March 1944[185]
Rolf Hermichen 26[8] 64[186] ZG 1, ZG 76, SKG 210, JG 26, JG 11, JG 104 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hermann Staiger 26[8] 63[187] JG 51, JG 26, JG 1, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Anton-Rudolf Piffer* 26[8] 26[188] JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 June 1944[189]
Hugo Frey* 25[8] 32[190] JG 1, JG 11 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1944[191]
Alwin Doppler* 25[8]/17[192] 21[193] JG 1, JG 11 German Cross
KIA 1 January 1945[193]
Kurt Bühligen 24[8] 112[183]/99+[194] JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans Ehlers* 24[8] 55[195] JG 3, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 27 December 1944[173]
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller* 23[8] 140[196]/139[197] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 May 1944[197]
Heinrich Wurzel 23[8]/11[166] 26/12[198] JG 302, JG 301 German Cross
Walter Loos 22[8] 38[199] JG 3, JG 301 Knight's Cross
Hans Weik 22[8] 36[200] JG 3, EJGr Ost, EJG 2 Knight's Cross
Werner Gerth* 22[8] 38[201] JG 3, JG 300, JG 400 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 November 1944[202]
Heinrich Bär 21[8] 222[203]/220[204]/208[178] JG 51, JG 77, JG 1, JG 3, EJG 2, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Fritz Karch 21[8] 47[205] JG 2 Knight's Cross
Willy Unger 21[8] 22[148]/21[206] JG 3, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Josef Wurmheller* 20+[8] 102[168]/103[198] JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 22 June 1944[198]
Willy Kientsch* 20[8] 53[207] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 January 1944[208]
Hans-Heinrich Koenig 20[8] 28[209] ZG 76, NJG 3, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Willi Reschke 20[8] 28[210] JG 302, JG 301 Knight's Cross
Adolf Glunz 20[211]/17[212] 71[213][214]/69[202] JG 52, JG 26, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Klaus Neumann 19[215]/17+[166] 37[215] JG 51, JG 3, JG 7, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Heinz Knoke 19[216]/13[166] 33[216]/15[217] JG 1, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Alfred Grislawski 18[218]/14[113] 133[180]/127[219] JG 52, JG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Anton Benning 18[220] 28[221]/13+[222] JG 106, JG 301 Knight's Cross
Herbert Huppertz* 17[223] 68[177] JG 51, JG 5, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 June 1944[224]
Eduard Isken 17[225] 56[225] JG 77, JGr 200,
I(F)/123, JG 53 		Knight's Cross
Waldemar Radener 17[226]/12[227] 37[226]/23[228] JG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Klaus Bretschneider* 17[229]/15[166] 34[229]/22[230] JG 300 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944[230]
Rudolf Rademacher 16[226] 126[180]/93[228] JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Johann Pichler 16[188] 75[213] JG 77 Knight's Cross
Ernst Börngen 16[231] 45[232]/41[231] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Friedrich "Fritz" Stehle 16[233] 21[233] ZG 2, ZG 26, JG 6, JG 7 German Cross
Leopold Münster* 15[234] 95[235] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 May 1944[236]
Otto Wessling 15[237] 83[238] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 19 April 1944[239]
Günther Specht* 15[240] 34[187] ZG 26, JG 1, JG 11 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 January 1945[241]
Gerhard Sommer* 15[242]/14[166] 20[242] JG 11, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 May 1944[241]
Rudi Zwesken 14+[166] 23+[198] JG 52, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Erwin Clausen* 14[180] 132[180]/100[194] JG 77, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 October 1943[194]
Walter Oesau* 14[243] 125 (incl. 8 in Spain)[244]/127[245] JG 1, JG 2, JG 51, J/88 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 11 May 1944[245]
Erwin Laskowski 14[246] 46[246] JG 51, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Walter Matoni 14[247] 34[247] JG 27, JG 26, JG 2, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Peter Werfft 14[248] 26[249] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Gustav Rödel 13[250] 98[168] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Gerhard Michalski 13[251] 73[213] JG 53, JG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Klaus Mietusch* 13[252] 72[213] JG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 17 September 1944[253]
Armin Köhler 13[254] 69[177] JG 27, JG 77 Knight's Cross
Erich Hohagen 13[255] 56[255] JG 51, JG 2, JG 27, JG 7, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Gustav Sturm 13[166] 21[256] JG 27, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JG 7
Siegfried Schnell* 12+[257] 93[235] JG 54, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 February 1944[184]
Wilhelm Moritz 12[258] 44[258]/41[197] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Franz Ruhl* 12[259] 36[259] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944[170]
Rudi Dassow 12[166] 22[260] ZG 1, ZG 76, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Peter Jenne 12[261] 17[261]/12+[224] ZG 1, ZG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 March 1945
Erich Rudorffer 11[110] 222[204]/219[170] JG 2, JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Karl Willius* 11[262] 50[263] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 April 1944[264]
Karl Rammelt 11[226] 41[228] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Oskar Zimmermann 11[198] 34[265]/28+[198] JG 51, JG 3
Friedrich May* 11[166] 27[185] JG 2 German Cross
KIA 20 October 1943[185]
Ekkehard Tichy* 11[266]/5[267] 25[266] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 16 August 1944[268]
Siegfried Zick 11[166] 20[198] JG 1, JG 11
Hans Iffland 11[166] 11[224] JG 3
Jürgen Hörschelmann* 11[166] 16[269] JG 3 KIA 12 May 1944[269]
Hans Schrangl 11[166] 12[184] JG 11, JG 7
Josef Priller 10[270] 101[168] JG 51, JG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans Grünberg 10[166] 82[238]/78[176] JG 3, JG 52, JG 7 JV 44 Knight's Cross
Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart* 10[271] 69[177]/66[198] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 June 1944[198]
Jürgen Harder* 10[166] 64[186] JG 53, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 17 February 1945[272]
Hermann Buchner 10[166] 58[273] SG 2, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Horst Haase* 10[166] 62[274]/54[176] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 November 1944[176]
Karl-Heinz Bendert 10[275] 55[275] JG 27, JG 104 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Klemm 10[166] 42[276]/43[217] JG 54, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Fritz Gromotka 10[277] 29[277] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Herbert Schob 10[278] 28 (incl. 6 in Spain)[278] LG 1, ZG 76, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Leo Schuhmacher 10[279] 23[279] ZG 76, JG 1, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Karl-Heinz Munsche* 10[166] 22[236] JG 2 KIA 25 July 1944[236]
Günther Wegmann 10[280] 14[280] ZG 26, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 German Cross
Otto Pritzl 10[166] 11[228] JG 51, JG 302, JG 3, JG 7
Dieter Zink 10[166] 11[198] JG 3
Emil-Rudolf Schnoor 9+[166] 12[184] LG 1, JG 1, JG 11
Karl "Quax" Schnörrer 9[281] 46[282] JG 54, JG 7, Kdo Nowotny Knight's Cross
Ernst Düllberg 9[166] 45[283]/43[193] JG 3, JG 27, JG 76, EJG 2, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Otto Russ* 9[281] 27[284] JG 53 German Cross
KIA 2 July 1944[284]
Ernst-Erich Hirschfeld* 9[166] 24[285] JG 300, JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 28 July 1944[286]
Walter Köhne 9[166] 20+[217] JG 52, JG 1, JG 11, EJG 2
Gerhard Vivroux 9[281] 10[280] Sturmstaffel 1, JG 3
Rudolf Metz* 9[166] 10[253] JG 5, JG 3, JG 4 KIA 6 October 1944[253]
Hubert Engst 8+[173] 10+[173] JG 300
Erich Hondt 8+[269] 10+[269] JG 11, JV 44
Heinrich Klöpper* 8[216] 94[235] JG 51, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 November 1943[217]
Oskar Romm 8[287] 92[235] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Helmut Rüffler 8[168] 98[168]/88[259] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Günther Seeger 8[281] 56[288] JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross
Wilhelm-Ferdinand (Wutz) Galland* 8[289] 54[290]/56[291] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Heinz-Gerhard Vogt* 8[281] 48[292] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 January 1945[280]
Hans Remmer* 8[281] 27[293]/21[294] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 April 1944[294]
Karl Wünsch* 8[281] 20[198] JG 27 German Cross
21 November 1944[198]
Willi Maximowitz* 8[185] 15+[185] JG 1, JG 3 MIA 20 April 1945[185]
Siegfried Müller 8[197] 15[197] JG 51, JG 3, JG 7 German Cross
Kurt Gabler 8[281] 14[291] JG 300
Eberhard Schade 8[281] 10[284] JG 27
Hans-Ulrich Jung* 8[281] 10[295] JG 3 KIA 1 January 1945[295]
Heinz Angres* 8[281] 8[296] JG 3 KIA 16 October 1944[296]
Bernhard Kunze* 8[281] 8[297] JG 1 KIA 5 January 1944[297]
Rüdiger von Kirchmayr 7+[208] 20±[208] JG 1, JG 11
Ernst Haase* 7+[176] 8+[176] JG 302 German Cross
KIA 25 February 1945[176]
Heinrich Ehrler* 7[281] 209[204]/182+[173] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 April 1945[173]
Theodor Weissenberger 7[298] 208[204][239] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Otto Schultz 7[281] 73[213] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Johannes Naumann 7[281] 34[299] JG 26, JG 6, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Harry Koch* 7[281] 21+[217] JG 26, JG 1 German Cross
KIA 22 December 1943[217]
Kurt Gren* 7[281] 19[219] JG 51, JG 3 German Cross
KIA 23 August 1944[219]
Oskar Bösch 7[281] 18[300] JG 3, JG 301, JG 7
Karl Paashaus* 7[281] 15[245] JG 53 KIA 22 August 1944[245]
Walter Hagenah 7[281] 15[176] JG 3, JG 7 German Cross
Helmut Beckmann 7[281] 13[222] JG 27
Alexander Ottnad 7[281] 12[245] JG 27 German Cross
Georg Schanz 7[281] 9[301] JG 27
Hans Pancritius* 7[245] 7[281] JG 1, JG 11 KIA 17 July 1943[245]
Emil-Karl Demuth 6+[181] 10+[181] JG 1 German Cross
Rudolf Engleder 6+[281] 8+[173] JG 1, EJG 2
Hermann Graf 6[302] 212[204]/206[219] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Walter Höckner* 6[286] 68[177] JG 52, JG 77, JG 26, JG 1, JG 4 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 August 1944[286]
Reinhold Hoffmann* 6[303]/5[267] 66[304] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 May 1944[286]
Herbert Kutscha 6[281] 47[305] SKG 210, ZG 1, ZG 76, JG 3, JG 11, JG 27 Knight's Cross
Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann* 6[281] 44[306] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 March 1945[269]
Artur Beese 6[281] 22[307][222] JG 26 German Cross
Horst Rippert 6[281] 18[294] JGr. 200, JG 27 German Cross
Hannes Löffler* 6[308] 10[308] JG 27 KIA 29 June 1944[308]
Rudolf Hübl 6[269] 9[269] JG 1
Karl-Heinz Kapp* 6[281] 9[295] JG 27 KIA 6 August 1944[295]
Franz Steiner 6[281] 8[233] JG 27, JG 1, JG 11, JV 44
Willi Hallenberger 6[272] 6[272] JG 51,JG 302
Hans Schäfer 6[284] 6[284] JG 3
Herbert Stephan 6[281] 6[233] JG 302
Helmut Lennartz 5+[267] 8+[309] JG 1, JG 11, JG 6, JG 7
Franz Schall* 5[155] 137[196]/133[284] JG 52, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 April 1945[284]
Josef Zwernemann* 5[267] 126[244]/123[198] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 April 1944[198]
Franz Götz 5[310] 63[304] JG 53, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Heinz Arnold* 5[267] 49/48[296] JG 5, JG 7 KIA 17 April 1945[296]
Albert Böckl 5[267] 10[300] JG 26, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7
Artur Groß 5[267] 10[219] JG 300, JG 302, JG 106
Erich Schwarz 5[311] 10[311] JG 26
Gerhard Bärsdorf 5[267] 7[178] JG Hermann, JG 300
Karl-Heinz Böttner 5[267] 6[300] JG 77

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Mathews and Foreman, who researched the German Federal Archives, state that Sturm is attributed with 158 aerial victories. The archives revealed records for 123 of these claims. However, there are 52 additional claims attributed to II. Gruppe of JG 52 in the timeframe November to December 1944 that have no names associated to them. The authors assume that many of these claims belong to Sturm.[127]
  2. ^ According to Obermaier on 16 March 1944, making him the 65th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[132]
  3. ^ According to Obermaier on 16 June 1944, making him the 80th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[141]
  4. ^ According to Obermaier in December 1944, making him the 96th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[132]
  5. ^ According to Obermaier in August 1944, making him the 87th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[132]

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 241.
  3. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 14.
  4. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 242.
  5. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 44–47.
  6. ^ Spick 1996, p. 6.
  7. ^ a b c d e Caldwell & Muller 2007, p. 96.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Forsyth 2011, p. 90.
  9. ^ Obermaier 1989, pp. 243–244.
  10. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1534–1535.
  11. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 128–130.
  12. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 171–173.
  13. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 198–200.
  14. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 340–341.
  15. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, pp. 377–379.
  16. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, pp. 415–417.
  17. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1304–1305.
  18. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1341–1343.
  19. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1436–1438.
  20. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 230, 233.
  21. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
  22. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 331.
  23. ^ Toliver & Constable 1998, p. 389.
  24. ^ Prien et al. 2003a, p. 220.
  25. ^ Prien et al. 2003a, p. 50.
  26. ^ Prien et al. 2003b, p. 412.
  27. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 202.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 98.
  29. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 172.
  30. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 286.
  31. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 211.
  32. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 546.
  33. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 556.
  34. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 560.
  35. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 552.
  36. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 262.
  37. ^ Prien et al. 2011, p. 384.
  38. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1207.
  39. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 245.
  40. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 246.
  41. ^ Prien et al. 2004a, p. 182.
  42. ^ Prien et al. 2004a, p. 185.
  43. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 306.
  44. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 307.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 218.
  46. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, pp. 355.
  47. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 309.
  48. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 152.
  49. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012a, p. 85.
  50. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006a, p. 490.
  51. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 499.
  52. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 245.
  53. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 39.
  54. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 41.
  55. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012b, p. 387.
  56. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 37.
  57. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006b, p. 38.
  58. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 154.
  59. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 269.
  60. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 315.
  61. ^ Prien et al. 2011, p. 458.
  62. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006a, p. 562.
  63. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 484.
  64. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 488.
  65. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012b, p. 493.
  66. ^ Prien et al. 2006b, p. 155.
  67. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006b, p. 158.
  68. ^ Prien et al. 2004b, p. 299.
  69. ^ Prien et al. 2006a, p. 497.
  70. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 393.
  71. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 45.
  72. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 46.
  73. ^ Prien et al. 2010, p. 363.
  74. ^ Prien et al. 2011, p. 533.
  75. ^ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 127.
  76. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 479.
  77. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012a, p. 81.
  78. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 480.
  79. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 271.
  80. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 271.
  81. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 293.
  82. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 285.
  83. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 175.
  84. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 181.
  85. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 184.
  86. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 186.
  87. ^ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 312.
  88. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 280.
  89. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 289.
  90. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 176.
  91. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 287.
  92. ^ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 133.
  93. ^ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 90.
  94. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 207.
  95. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 68.
  96. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012b, p. 487.
  97. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 491.
  98. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 70.
  99. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 65.
  100. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 184.
  101. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 637.
  102. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 638.
  103. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 639.
  104. ^ Prien et al. 2012b, p. 489.
  105. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 489.
  106. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 490.
  107. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 491.
  108. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 278.
  109. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1068.
  110. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1069.
  111. ^ Prien et al. 2012a, p. 427.
  112. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 459.
  113. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 460.
  114. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 280.
  115. ^ Prien et al. 2012c, p. 281.
  116. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 64.
  117. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012a, p. 501.
  118. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 150.
  119. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 321.
  120. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 60.
  121. ^ Prien et al. 2022b, p. 383.
  122. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 823.
  123. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 54.
  124. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 55.
  125. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 56.
  126. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 212.
  127. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, pp. 1293–1295.
  128. ^ Prien et al. 2022b, p. 477.
  129. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 76.
  130. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 220.
  131. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 534.
  132. ^ a b c d e f g h Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  133. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 214.
  134. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 420.
  135. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1392.
  136. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 40.
  137. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 227.
  138. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 38.
  139. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1085.
  140. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1456.
  141. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 244.
  142. ^ Prien 1995, p. 1968.
  143. ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 280.
  144. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 285.
  145. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
  146. ^ Boehme 1992, pp. 130–131.
  147. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 744.
  148. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 217.
  149. ^ Prien et al. 2022a, p. 148.
  150. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 591.
  151. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 592.
  152. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 931.
  153. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 92.
  154. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
  155. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1104.
  156. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 278.
  157. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1403.
  158. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 368.
  159. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 372.
  160. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1323.
  161. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1324.
  162. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 106.
  163. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1350.
  164. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1405.
  165. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 809.
  166. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1531.
  167. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 13.
  168. ^ a b c d e f g h Spick 1996, p. 233.
  169. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 72.
  170. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1516.
  171. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 263.
  172. ^ Spick 1996, p. 236.
  173. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1488.
  174. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 263.
  175. ^ Spick 1996, p. 228.
  176. ^ a b c d e f g h Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1494.
  177. ^ a b c d e Spick 1996, p. 238.
  178. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1480.
  179. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
  180. ^ a b c d e Spick 1996, p. 230.
  181. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1486.
  182. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1177.
  183. ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 232.
  184. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1520.
  185. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1508.
  186. ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 240.
  187. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 208.
  188. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 179.
  189. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1513.
  190. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 113.
  191. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1490.
  192. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 233.
  193. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1487.
  194. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1485.
  195. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 106.
  196. ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 229.
  197. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1510.
  198. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1530.
  199. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 160.
  200. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 221.
  201. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 118.
  202. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1492.
  203. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 255.
  204. ^ a b c d e Spick 1996, p. 227.
  205. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 143.
  206. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1526.
  207. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 67.
  208. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1501.
  209. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 148.
  210. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 186.
  211. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 237–238.
  212. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 394.
  213. ^ a b c d e Spick 1996, p. 237.
  214. ^ Caldwell 1998, pp. 501–503.
  215. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 174.
  216. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 146.
  217. ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1502.
  218. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 63.
  219. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1493.
  220. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 87.
  221. ^ Spick 1996, p. 246.
  222. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1481.
  223. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015a, p. 567.
  224. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1499.
  225. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 139.
  226. ^ a b c d Obermaier 1989, p. 183.
  227. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 99.
  228. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1514.
  229. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 94.
  230. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1484.
  231. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 90.
  232. ^ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 321.
  233. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1523.
  234. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 66.
  235. ^ a b c d Spick 1996, p. 234.
  236. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1511.
  237. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1408.
  238. ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 235.
  239. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1528.
  240. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1235.
  241. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1522.
  242. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 207.
  243. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 29.
  244. ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 231.
  245. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1512.
  246. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 154.
  247. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 165.
  248. ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 75.
  249. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 222.
  250. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 56.
  251. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 71.
  252. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 855.
  253. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1509.
  254. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 147.
  255. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 136.
  256. ^ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 331.
  257. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 46.
  258. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 170.
  259. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 190.
  260. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 100.
  261. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 140.
  262. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 224.
  263. ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 529.
  264. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1529.
  265. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 268.
  266. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 216.
  267. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1533.
  268. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1525.
  269. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1498.
  270. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 983.
  271. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1472.
  272. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1495.
  273. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 96.
  274. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 258.
  275. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 86.
  276. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 145.
  277. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 122.
  278. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 200.
  279. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 201.
  280. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1527.
  281. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1532.
  282. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 199.
  283. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 104.
  284. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1517.
  285. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 133.
  286. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1497.
  287. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015b, p. 1058.
  288. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 204.
  289. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 117.
  290. ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 500.
  291. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1491.
  292. ^ Caldwell 1998, pp. 527–528.
  293. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 185.
  294. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1515.
  295. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1500.
  296. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1479.
  297. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1504.
  298. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1396.
  299. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 172.
  300. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1483.
  301. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1518.
  302. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 21.
  303. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 135.
  304. ^ a b Zabecki 2014, p. 1617.
  305. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 152.
  306. ^ Caldwell 1998, pp. 505–506.
  307. ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 492.
  308. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1506.
  309. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1505.
  310. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 119.
  311. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1521.

Bibliography

edit
  • Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle – Reports – Experiences – Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-613-01045-1.
  • Barbas, Bernd (2005). Die Geschichte der II. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Selbstverl. ISBN 978-3-923457-71-7.
  • Boehme, Manfred (1992). JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-395-8.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. (1998). The JG 26 War Diary: Volume Two 1943–1945. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-86-2.
  • Caldwell, Donald L.; Muller, Richard (2007). The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich. Greenhill books. ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2011). Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-438-3.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015a). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015b). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 3 M–R. Walton-on-Thames, UK: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015c). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
  • Mombeek, Eric (2011). Eismeerjäger—Zur Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 5—Band 4 [Fighters in the Arctic Sea—The History of the 5th Fighter Wing—Volume 4]. Linkebeek, Belgium: ASBL, La Porte d'Hoves. ISBN 978-2-930546-05-6.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1996). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945—Teil 2—1944 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945—Volume 2—1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-24-3.
  • Prien, Jochen (1995). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 4—1944–1945 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 4—1944–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-29-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis December 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2010). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-95-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2011). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1 bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-00-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012c). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/I—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/I—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-26-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
  • Ring, Hans; Girbig, Werner (1994) [1971]. Jagdgeschwader 27 Die Dokumentation über den Einsatz an allen Fronten 1939–1945 [Jagdgeschwader 27 The Documentation on the Deployment on all Fronts from 1939 to 1945] (in German) (8th ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-215-8.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Toliver, Raymond F.; Constable, Trevor J. (1998) [1977]. Die Deutschen Jagdflieger-Asse 1939–1945 [The German Fighter Pilot Aces 1939–1945] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-193-9.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-981-3.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_II_aces_from_Germany&oldid=1254320671"