Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins (notably Rio de la Plata and Lagoa dos Patos–Mirim) in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.[1] They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.
| Gymnogeophagus Temporal range:
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| Gymnogeophagus balzanii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Subfamily: | Cichlinae |
| Tribe: | Geophagini |
| Subtribe: | Geophagina |
| Genus: | Gymnogeophagus A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918 |
| Type species | |
| Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus A. Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
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| Geographic range of genus Gymnogeophagus | |
Species
editThere are currently 18 recognized extant species in this genus:[2]
- Gymnogeophagus australis (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907) (Uruguayan eartheater)
- Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 1891) (Argentine eartheater)
- Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006
- Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, S. E. Gómez & Toresanni, 2000
- Gymnogeophagus constellatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
- Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Smooth-cheek eartheater)
- Gymnogeophagus jaryi Alonso et al., 2019[4]
- Gymnogeophagus labiatus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Earth eater)
- Gymnogeophagus lacustris R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
- Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
- Gymnogeophagus mekinos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
- Gymnogeophagus meridionalis R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
- Gymnogeophagus missioneiro L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
- Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[3]
- Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Stripe-fin eartheater)
- Gymnogeophagus setequedas R. E. dos Reis, L. R. Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992
- Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, L. R. Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016[5]
- Gymnogeophagus tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009[6]
An extinct species Gymnogeophagus eocenicus lived during the Early Eocene of Argentina, around 48.6 million years ago, representing one of the oldest known cichlids.[7]
References
edit- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Gymnogeophagus". FishBase. January 2016 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Gymnogeophagus". FishBase. February 2018 version.
- ^ a b c d e Malabarba, L.R.; Malabarba, M.C.; Reis, R.E. (2015). "Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (4): 637–662. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140188.
- ^ Alonso, F., G.E. Terán, G. Aguilera, O. Říčan, J. Casciotta, W.S. Serra, A. Almirón, M.F. Benítez, I. García and J.M. Mirande (2019). Description of A New Species of the Neotropical Cichlid Genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Middle Paraná Basin, Misiones, Argentina. PLoS ONE. 14(2): e0210166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210166
- ^ Loureiro, M., Zarucki, M., Malabarba, L.R. & González-Bergonzoni, I. (2016): A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes). Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150082.
- ^ González-Bergonzoni, I.; Loureiro, M.; Oviedo, S. (2009). "A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252009000100003. S2CID 84108097.
- ^ Malabarba, Maria C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.; López-Fernández, Hernán (2014). "On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.830021.
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