Hōraku ware (豊楽焼) is a type of Japanese pottery historically from Nagoya, Owari Province, central Japan. The first kanji character 豊, which means "abundant", can be compounded and pronounced as "Hō" or "Toyo", therefore it is also known as Toyoraku ware. Use of that kanji is common in the region, where cities such as Toyohashi, Toyokawa, Toyota, and Toyoake can be found.
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History
editProduction started in the later Edo period when it was founded by Rikei Katō (1708–1796), a ceramist who lived in the Owari domain. His successor, Toyohachi (?–1801), continued the style under that name.[1] Some source state he worked in the central Ōsu area of Nagoya, south of the temple Banshō-ji.[2] However, that conflicts with the family memoir, which states that he lived in Fujimigahara, and that the third generation moved in 1753 from Fujimigahara to central Nagoya, which is also confirmed by a reference in the sen-cha text called "Sencha Soshinan", published in 1779.[3]
Toyoraku's third generation, Daiki Toyosuke (大喜豊助 1779–1864),[4] took up the family name Daiki, which was to continue. He served as a master of his craft in the Owari domain.[5] In addition to Unge ware, Oribe, aka-e, shimitsu and fukai, etc., he also used natural mottling on earthenware to produce a marbleized effect. The tea handbook Sencha haya-shinan of 1801 mentions Toyosuke as an expert of teaware, with the following words of praise: "Except for kibisho (kyūsu) teapots, it is unnecessary to go seek for masters in the capital."[6] The seals were "Toyaka" (豊禾) and "Toyosuke" (豊助).[7][8]
The fourth generation, Toyosuke (四代豊助 1813–1858), moved back to Nagoya and worked in Kami-maezu (上前津) in today's Naka-ku. He also produced ceramic ware in Owari domain. He specialised in making elaborate ceramic pieces by applying maki-e, to make them resemble lacquerware or wood.[9] Some of his works were done in the Raku ware style, from which it received its name.
The fifth generation, Toyosuke, died in 1885.[10]
The sixth generation, Toyosuke, lived from 1848 to1917. He apparently made tea wares and sculptural pieces to the order of Emperor Meiji in 1876, and also exhibited domestically and abroad, winning a prize at the Exposition Universelle (1878) in Paris. From 1896 he began actively exporting wares to the United States. In his late years, he turned his attention to the workshop specialty of Raku-type ware.[11]
His son became the seventh head of the workshop, but died prematurely from illness. Therefore his second son became the eighth and last generation head of the workshop in Taishō 3 (1915).[12]
See also
editDuring the time of the production, Ofukei ware, Hagiyama ware and Sasashima ware were also made, mostly for tea utensils.
Other pottery from Nagoya and the wider Owari region:
References
edit- ^ "学芸員のページ｜愛知県陶磁美術館 公式サイト".
- ^ Tōki Daijiten, published in 1935 (vol. 4, p. 262)
- ^ "Bottle for candy pellets (furidashi) – Freer|Sackler". www.freersackler.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
- ^ Nihon Yakimono Shusei vol. 2, p. 117
- ^ "Japanese pottery: Being a native report with an introduction and catalogue". 1906.
- ^ "学芸員のページ 窯場今昔100選" (in Japanese). Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum.
- ^ "学芸員のページ｜愛知県陶磁美術館 公式サイト".
- ^ "Bottle for candy pellets (furidashi) – Freer|Sackler". www.freersackler.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
- ^ "学芸員のページ｜愛知県陶磁美術館 公式サイト".
- ^ Nihon Yakimono Shusei loc. cit.)
- ^ "Bottle for candy pellets (furidashi) – Freer|Sackler". www.freersackler.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
- ^ Toki Daijiten vol. 4, p. 262)
External links
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Media related to Toyoraku ware at Wikimedia Commons