HMAS Anzac (G90)

	HMAS "Anzac", Port Jackson, Sydney, c. 1925
History
United Kingdom
Namesake	The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
Ordered	December 1915
Builder	William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton
Laid down	31 January 1916
Launched	11 January 1917
Commissioned	24 April 1917
Decommissioned	March 1919
Identification	Pennant number: F61, G60, G50 then G70
Fate	Transferred to RAN
Australia
Acquired	March 1919
Commissioned	27 January 1920
Decommissioned	30 July 1931
Identification	Pennant number: G90
Fate	Sunk as target 7 May 1936
General characteristics
Class and type	Parker-class leader
Displacement	1,660 tons
Length	327 ft 7 in (99.85 m) length overall; 314 ft 11.25 in (95.9930 m) between perpendiculars;
Beam	31 ft 10 in (9.70 m)
Draught	13 ft 9.75 in (4.2101 m) maximum
Propulsion	4 × Yarrow boilers, Brown-Curtis geared turbines, 37,060 shp, 3 propellers
Speed	34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) (designed)
Range	3,360 nautical miles (6,220 km; 3,870 mi) at 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph)
Complement	122
Armament	4 × single QF 4-inch Mark IV guns; 2 × 2-pounder "pom-pom" guns; 1 × .303-inch Maxim machine gun; 4 × .303-inch Lewis machine guns (2 single, 1 twin-mount); 2 × twin 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tube sets; 2 × depth charge throwers; 4 × depth charge chutes;

HMAS Anzac was a Parker-class destroyer leader that served in the Royal Navy (as HMS Anzac) and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Launched in early 1917 and commissioned into the Royal Navy, Anzac led the 14th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet during the First World War. In 1919, she and five other destroyers were transferred to the RAN, with Anzac commissioning as an Australian warship in 1920. Except for three visits to New Guinea and one to the Solomon Islands, Anzac remained in southern and eastern Australian waters for her entire career. The destroyer was decommissioned in 1931, sold for scrapping four years later, stripped for parts, then towed outside Sydney Heads and sunk as a target ship in 1936.

Design and construction

Anzac was a Parker-class destroyer leader, based on the Marksman or Lightfoot class. The ship had a displacement of 1,660 tons, was 327 feet 7 inches (99.85 m) long overall and 314 feet 11+1⁄4 inches (95.99 m) long between perpendiculars, had a beam of 31 feet 10 inches (9.70 m), and a draught of 13 feet 9+3⁄4 inches (4.21 m) at maximum load.^[1] Propulsion was provided by four Yarrow boilers providing steam to Brown-Curtis geared turbines, which delivered 37,060 shaft horsepower to the destroyer's three propellers.^[2] The ship was designed to reach 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph), but could only achieve an average of 32.9 knots (60.9 km/h; 37.9 mph) during full-power trials.^[1] Maximum range was 3,360 nautical miles (6,220 km; 3,870 mi) at 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph).^[2] The ship's company consisted of 8 officers and 114 sailors.^[2]

The primary armament for Anzac consisted of four single QF 4-inch Mark IV guns.^[1] This was supplemented by two 2-pounder "pom-pom" guns for air defence, a single .303-inch Maxim machine gun, four .303-inch Lewis machine guns (two single guns and a twin-mount), two twin 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tube sets, two depth charge throwers, and four depth charge chutes.^[3]

The order to build Anzac was placed with William Denny and Brothers in December 1915, and the ship was laid down at their shipyard in Dumbarton, Scotland on 31 January 1916.^[2] The destroyer was launched on 11 January 1917, and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 24 April 1917, the day of her completion.^[2] The ship's name is in recognition of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps and their service during the early years of the First World War.^[4] The destroyer went through a rapid succession of penant numbers during her British service; although assigned the pennant F6 during construction, this was changed three days before launch to G80, then became G50 at the start of 1918, before changing again to G70 in April.^[1]

Operational history

Royal Navy

On entering service, Anzac was assigned to lead the 14th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet, based at Scapa Flow.^[2] Anzac served in the North Sea and the English Channel during the First World War.^[4] On 26 June 1917, Anzac went to the assistance of the submarine K1, which had run aground.^[5] In August 1918, Anzac was damaged in a heavy storm, requiring the replacement of her exhaust funnels and several of the ship's boats.^[4]

After the war ended, Anzac was placed into reserve at Portsmouth.^[4] On 21 March 1919, Anzac and five S-class destroyers were transferred to the RAN as a gift.^[2] Anzac was commissioned into RAN service on 27 January 1920, and departed from Plymouth on 26 February for the voyage to Australia.^[4] Early in the voyage, a propeller blade was damaged, so the destroyer had to return to Plymouth for repairs.^[4] Anzac departed again on 10 March, and arrived in Sydney on 29 April, having visited Gibraltar, Suez, Aden, Bombay, Colombo, Singapore, Surabaya, and Thursday Island en route.^[4]

Royal Australian Navy

Anzac spent most of her early RAN career operating off the southern and eastern coasts of Australia.^[4] In December 1922, the change of commanding officer aboard the ship saw the captain relieved by his twin brother.^[4] Visits were made to New Guinea in June and July 1924, and in May 1926.^[4]

The destroyer was decommissioned on 4 August 1926, then recommissioned on 10 January 1928.^[4] During 1928, Anzac was on standby as a rescue ship for two of Charles Kingsford Smith's pioneering flights: in June as Southern Cross approached Brisbane on the last leg of the first trans-Pacific flight, then in September off Sydney for Kingsford Smith's departure on the first successful trans-Tasman flight.^[4] The ship continued operating in Australian waters, except for a visit to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands in September 1930.^[4]

Decommissioning and fate

Anzac paid off for disposal on 30 July 1931.^[2] The ship was sold to Messrs. Abraham and Wilson of Redfern, New South Wales on 8 August 1935 for scrapping.^[2]^[4] Anzac was stripped down to a hulk, then towed outside Sydney Heads on 7 May 1936 and sunk as a target ship.^[2]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 5
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Cassells, The Destroyers p. 6
^ Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 5–6
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Perryman & Djokovic, Ships Named Anzac
^ English 2019, p. 21.

References

Cassells, Vic (2000). The Destroyers: their battles and their badges. East Roseville, NSW: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7318-0893-2. OCLC 46829686.
Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
English, John (2019). Grand Fleet Destroyers: Part I: Flotilla Leaders and 'V/W' Class Destroyers. Windsor, UK: World Ship Society. OCLC 1275090303.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Jones, H.A. (1934). History of the Great War: The War In The Air: Being the Story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force: Vol. IV. Oxford: Clarenden Press. OCLC 769886209.
March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
Monograph No. 35: Home Waters—Part IX: 1 May 1917 to 31st July 1917 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XIX. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1939.
Perryman, John; Djokovic, Petar (February 2015). "Ships Named Anzac" (PDF). Semaphore. 2015 (2). Sea Power Centre Australia. Retrieved 8 October 2020.