HMC ML Q052 was a wooden Fairmile B motor launch (ML) upgunned submarine chaser delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) on 31 October 1941.[1] Originally designed for the Royal Navy by W.J. Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.[2]
 HMC ML Q052 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Canada | |
| Operator | 
Royal Canadian Navy (1941-43)  Free French Navy (1943-45) |
| Builder |
|
| Laid down | 4 February 1941 |
| Launched | 15 September 1941 |
| Acquired | 31 October 1941 |
| Out of service | 25 July 1945 |
| Renamed | Cyrius (1949) |
| Homeport | St. Pierre and Miquelon (1943-45) |
| Identification |
|
| Notes | Manned and maintained by FNFL (Forces Navales Françaises Libres) |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Fairmile B motor launch |
| Type |
|
| Displacement | 79 long tons |
| Length | 112 ft (34 m) |
| Beam | 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m) |
| Draught | 4 ft 10 in (1.47 m) |
| Propulsion | Two 650 bhp (480 kW) Hall-Scott Defender petrol engines |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Range | 1,500 mi (1,300 nmi; 2,400 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Complement | 2 officers and 14 non-commissioned |
| Crew | 16 |
| Time to activate | 48 hours to reconfigure weapons |
| Sensors and processing systems | ASDIC |
| Armament |
|
| Armour | Wheelhouse plated |
Design
editBuilt of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by thirteen different boatyards.[3] In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats.[4] With a fuel capacity of 2,320 gallons of 87 octane gasoline, the early Fairmiles (Q050 to Q111) were powered by two 650 hp engines, could reach a top speed of 20 knots (max), 16.5 knots sea speed and a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots. Later versions (Q112 to Q129) were fitted with larger 700 hp engines able to achieve a top speed to 22 knots (max), with a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots.[5][6][4] Crewed by two or three officers and fourteen sailors, accommodation on the Fairmiles was thought to be "cramped but comfortable".[5]
Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with forty-eight hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role. Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat.[2] In two days, a Fairmile could have its weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch.[2] "Armament consisted of three 20mm Oerlikon guns, mounted forward, aft and amidships; two .303 machine-guns; one 9mm Sten gun; two .303 rifles; three .45 revolvers; and 20 depth-charges of 300 Ibs each, including eight fitted for the "Y" gun. Each boat was equipped with sonar, radar and WIT."[5]
The first thirty-six Canadian Fairmile B type were designated and painted up as CML 01-36 (coastal motor launch).[6]
Fairmile flotillas
editAffectionately known as the little ships, little fighting ships or Q-boats by their crews, during the Second World War the Fairmile B motor launches of the RCN played a vital role escorting shipping along the St. Lawrence River, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and between Newfoundland and the mainland of Canada. Regularly deployed in flotillas of six The Little Ships relieved larger escort craft urgently needed elsewhere by carrying out anti-submarine patrols, port defence and rescue duties.[7][8] Based out of shore establishments on the St. Lawrence River, Halifax, Saint John, Shelburne, Sydney and on the West Coast; at sea the RCN Fairmile Fleets were accompanied by two "mother ships" HMCS Preserver (F94) and HMCS Provider (F100) providing fresh water, fuel and medical services.[9]
Operational history
editWhile she flew the White Ensign, Q052 was not a commissioned ship with the RCN, but rather listed as a tender to escort depot ship HMCS Sambro.[1] On 15 January 1943 she was transferred to the Free French Naval Forces (FNFL) as Galantry V.111 and served off the south coast of Newfoundland from 15 January 1943 until the end of the war. In December 1944, she was listed as homeported at St. Pierre et Miquelon with the RCN North-West Atlantic Command, Newfoundland Force (Administered by F.O.N.F., St. John's) French motor launches, Free French Navy.[10]
Returned to the RCN after the war, Q052 was sold along with ML Q063 and ML Q097 to Canadian Inter–American Associates and renamed Cyrius #190476. As of 2007 she was still registered and in private ownership.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b "RCN ML Q052". www.forposterityssake.ca. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
- ^ a b c "WW2Ships.com: Fairmile Type B Motor Launch". www.ww2ships.com. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
- ^ "Steam Community :: Guide :: The Fairmile B Motor Launch". steamcommunity.com. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
- ^ a b "Radio Research Paper - Fairmile Radio Fit". jproc.ca. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
- ^ a b c Heenan, RCNR (Ret), Captain Joseph A. (1 February 1962). "The Little Ships" (PDF). The Crowsnest. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ^ a b Lambert and Ross, John and Al (1990). Allied Coastal Forces of World War II Vol 1: Fairmile designs and US submarine chasers. Conway Maritime Press. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-85177-519-5.
- ^ "Fairmile Motor Launch". Juno Beach Centre. 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
- ^ "Fairmiles of the RCN". www.naval-museum.mb.ca. Naval Museum of Manitoba. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Radio Research Paper - Fairmile Radio Fit". jproc.ca. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
- ^ Navy, Royal (16 December 1944). "Red List" (Part II) Minor War Vessels Abroad (PDF). Operations Division Naval Staff Admiralty. pp. 57–61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ^ "Where Did the RCN Motor Launches Get To?". www.nauticapedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-01-03.