HMS Prince was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Launched in 1916, Prince joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet. The destroyer assisted in the rescue of the crew of the flotilla leader Hoste in 1916, laying down fuel oil on the sea in an attempt to create a calm enough environment to evacuate the sinking ship. The operation was successful and all the sailors were saved. In 1917, the ship formed part of the destroyer screen for the First Battle Squadron during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight but saw no action. After the Armistice that ended the war, Prince was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.
_IWM_SP_1403.jpg)
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Prince |
| Ordered | May 1915 |
| Builder | Stephens, Linthouse |
| Laid down | 27 July 1915 |
| Launched | 26 June 1916 |
| Completed | 21 September 1916 |
| Out of service | 9 May 1921 |
| Fate | Sold to be broken up |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Admiralty M-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 1,026 long tons (1,042 t) (normal) |
| Length | |
| Beam | 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) |
| Draught | 8 ft 11 in (2.7 m) |
| Installed power | 3 Yarrow boilers, 27,800 shp (20,700 kW) |
| Propulsion | Brown-Curtiss steam turbines, 3 shafts |
| Speed | 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) |
| Range | 2,530 nmi (4,690 km; 2,910 mi) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 80 |
| Armament |
|
Design and development
editPrince was one of 18 Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in late May 1915 as part of the Fifth War Programme during the First World War.[1] The M class was an improved version of the earlier L-class, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured new German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) and, although ultimately the destroyers fell short of that ambition in service, the extra performance that was achieved was valued by the navy. It transpired that the German warships did not exist.[2]
The destroyer had a length of 265 ft (80.8 m) between perpendiculars and 273 ft 4 in (83.3 m) overall, with a beam of 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) and draught of 8 ft 11 in (2.7 m).[3] Displacement was 948 long tons (963 t) normal. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtiss steam turbines built by Beardmore and rated at 27,800 shaft horsepower (20,700 kW). The turbines drove three shafts and exhausted through three funnels. Design speed was 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph).[4] A total of 228 long tons (232 t) of oil was carried to give a design range of 2,530 nautical miles (4,690 km; 2,910 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Actual endurance in service was less; sister ship Murray had a range of 2,240 nautical miles (4,150 km; 2,580 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[3]
Prince had a main armament consisting of three single QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin torpedo tubes for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes located aft of the funnels.[5][6] Two single 1-pounder 37 mm (1.5 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns were carried.[7] The anti-aircraft guns were later replaced by 2-pdr 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" guns and the destroyer was also fitted with racks and storage for depth charges.[3][8] The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.[7]
Construction and career
editPrince was laid down by Alexander Stephens on 27 July 1915 at Linthouse and launched on 26 June the following year. The vessel was completed on 21 September, the fifth to be given the name in Royal Navy service.[9][10][11] The ship was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla.[12] The flotilla took part in a large exercise with other flotillas and fleets of the Grand Fleet, led by the dreadnought battleship Iron Duke, between 22 and 24 November.[13] On 19 December, the destroyer joined the rest of the Grand Fleet in manoeuvres. During the exercise, the flotilla leader Hoste suffered a mechanical failure and hit the destroyer Negro, crippling both so that they needed to be evacuated. The sea conditions hindered the rescue of the sailors. Prince laid fuel oil on the sea in an attempt to create a calm. The entire crew was saved.[14]
On 15 June the following year, the flotilla was deployed in an operation to find German submarines.[15] On 21 June, the destroyer spotted a submarine on the surface, which may have been U-61 or U-82. The submarine dived before Prince could attack and, although, the destroyer dropped two depth charges, no damage was done to the vessel.[16] On 16 November, the destroyer was deployed as part of the flotilla in response to the sortie of the German minesweepers, forming a screen to the First Battle Squadron.[17] However, the destroyer took no part in the subsequent Second Battle of Heligoland Bight.[18]
At the end of the war, Prince was a member of the Twentieth Destroyer Flotilla based on the Humber.[19] After the Armistice that ended the war in 1918, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and personnel needed to be reduced to save money.[20] The destroyer was placed in reserve at Devonport.[21] However, the harsh conditions of wartime operations, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the ship was soon worn out.[22] Prince was retired, and, on 9 May 1921, was sold to Thos. W. Ward of Hayle to be broken up.[9]
Pennant numbers
edit| Pennant number | Date |
|---|---|
| G77 | September 1915[23] |
| G43 | January 1917[24] |
| G42 | January 1918[24] |
| H37 | January 1919[25] |
References
editCitations
edit- ^ McBride 1991, p. 46.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 132.
- ^ a b c Friedman 2009, p. 296.
- ^ Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 109.
- ^ Preston 1985, pp. 76, 80.
- ^ March 1966, p. 174.
- ^ a b Preston 1985, p. 76.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 150.
- ^ a b Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 276.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 309.
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 350.
- ^ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. January 1917. Retrieved 1 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Newbolt 1931, pp. 167, 169.
- ^ Newbolt 1931, p. 176.
- ^ "V East Coast Forces". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 15. October 1918. Retrieved 1 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
- ^ "V Vessels in Reserve at Home Bases and Other Ports". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 17. July 1919. Retrieved 1 December 2023 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Preston 1985, p. 80.
- ^ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 66.
- ^ a b Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 64.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 72.
Bibliography
edit- Brooks, John (2016). The Battle of Jutland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-15014-0.
- Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
- Colledge, James Joseph; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy. London: Chatham Press. ISBN 978-1-93514-907-1.
- Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71100-380-4.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Manning, Thomas Davys; Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
- March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
- McBride, Keith (1991). "British 'M' Class Destroyers of 1913–14". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Warship 1991. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 34–49. ISBN 978-0-85177-582-1.
- Monograph No. 33: Home Waters: Part VII: From June 1916 to November 1916 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XVII. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1927.
- Monograph No. 34: Home Waters—Part VIII: December 1916 to April 1917 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XVIII. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1933.
- Monograph No. 35: Home Waters—Part IX.: 1st May, 1917 to 31st July, 1917 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XIX. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1939.
- Moretz, Joseph (2002). The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-71465-196-5.
- Newbolt, Henry (1931). Naval Operations: Volume V. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green and Co. OCLC 220475309.
- Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.
- Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.