HMS Speedwell was the mercantile Royal George, which the Royal Navy purchased in 1815 and converted to a 5-gun schooner. During her career in the West Indies, she helped capture or destroy a number of pirate vessels, and capture several slave ships transporting enslaved people. The Royal Navy sold her at Jamaica in 1834.
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Royal George |
| Fate | Sold 1815 |
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Speedwell |
| Acquired | 1815 by purchase |
| Fate | Sold 1834 |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Tons burthen | 20332⁄94 (bm) |
| Length | 80 ft 0 in (24.4 m) (overall); 61 ft 2 in (18.6 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 25 ft 0 in (7.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 11 ft 3+1⁄2 in (3.4 m) |
| Sail plan | Schooner |
| Complement | c.50 |
| Armament | 1 × 18-pounder gun + 4 × 18-pounder carronades |
Career
editAfter her purchase, the Navy spent between 26 August 1815 and 22 March 1816 fitting Speedwell at Sheerness for eventual service as a tender to the flagship in the West Indies. She did sail to the Jamaica Station almost immediately; already on 13 October 1816 the "tender Speedwell" arrived off "Yallaha" as two "Carthaginian" pirate vessels, one a large schooner, were firing on the Betsey as she was sailing to Santa Martha.[a] At Speedwell's arrival on the scene the two privateers broke off their attack and sailed away.[2]
There are also records of Speedwell being on the Jamaica station in 1820 and 1825.[3] In between she worked to suppress piracy, in concert with the United States Revenue Cutter Service.
USS Peacock served in the expedition that included the Revenue Marine schooner USRC Louisiana and the British schooner Speedwell. The trio broke up a pirate establishment at Bahia Honda Key on 28–30 September capturing four vessels. They burnt two and sent the others with prize crews to New Orleans. Eighteen of the captured pirate crew members were sent to New Orleans for trial.[4][5]
In an action on 2 November 1822, Peacock and Speedwell, together with USRC Alabama, engaged pirates, which resulted in the taking of five pirate ships.
In connection with one or the other of these actions Lieutenant William Geary of Speedwell discovered bills of lading and coffee bags from Vittoria, which pirates had captured and looted some weeks earlier.[6]
Speedwell was acting as a tender to the frigate Sybille, and under the command of Lieutenant W.H.Geary. Speedwell shared with the frigate Tyne in the capture of two pirate schooners on 5 November, Union and Constantia (alias Esperanza), and in the destruction of Hawke and Paz.[b]
Between 24 March and 24 May 1824, the frigate Hussar, Captain George Harris, and Speedwell, with Icarus in company, destroyed a pirate felucca at the Isle of Pines, Cuba, and captured her crew.[c]
One of these incidents may be the source of the following anecdote. In his confessions before being executed on 11 January 1830 in the military fortress at La Puerta de Terra, San Fernando, a few miles south of Cadiz, the pirate Nicholas Fernandez, recalled an incident:- "We arrived at the coast of Cuba and learned that His Majesty's schooner Speedwell, accompanied by several barges from other vessels of war, was engaged in securing a key near Cayo Romano off the north Coast of Cuba where a number of pirates had secreted themselves in the woods. Some small craft which the pirates used in other cruises, were captured by the barges ... it was expected the pirates would be hunted from their lurking places."
Then on 31 January 1825, Speedwell seized the schooner James. Unfortunately, the prize money notice does not give the reason.[10]
Lieutenant James Cooper Bennett, who had commanded HMS Renegade, commanded Speedwell on 5 March 1826 when she captured the slave ship Orestes, and thereby freed 238 captives.[d] Orestes had grounded near Grass-cut Cay on the Grand Bahama Banks (23°40′N 77°20′W / 23.667°N 77.333°W). The crew had taken refuge on one of the Cays, leaving their cptives for several days without food or water. Bennett was unable to get the ship afloat and so took the freed captives aboard Speedwell, as well as the master of Orestes, Don Jose Ramon Munio (or Mutio), the mate, and a passenger. During the voyage to Havana, Don Munio died, as did 26 enslaved people. Speedwell was able to land 212 enslaved people. Orestes had loaded 285 enslaved people on 19 January; in all over a quarter of the enslaved people she had loaded had died.[12][13]
It is not clear that the Navy formally commissioned Speedwell before 14 April 1826, when Lieutenant Justus Oxenham commissioned her.[3] Lieutenant B. Hutchings took command in August 1828.[3] Lieutenant James Hookey replaced Hutchings in June 1829, and Lieutenant William Warren replace Hookey on 31 August.[3]
On 15 October 1831 Speedwell stopped briefly at Havana. There she reported that she had boarded a slave ship off Trinidad, on the coast of Cuba. However, the ship was sailing under a French flag and so Speedwell had to let her proceed as Speedwell was not authorized to detain French vessels transporting enslaved people.[14]
In 1832, Speedwell captured three ships transporting enslaved people:
- Enslaved people rescued[15]
| Vessel | Date | Male | Female | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planeta[e] | 6 April | 183 | 53 | 236 | This was Planeta's third voyage transporting enslaved people.[17] |
| Aquila[f] | 3 June | 468 | 128 | 596 | Brig of 300 tons (bm) and 10 guns.[18] |
| Indagadora[g] | 25 June | 122 | 12 | 134 | This may have been the last of some five voyages transporting enslaved people.[19] |
Speedwell captured Planeta a few miles south of the Isle of Pines. Planeta, Salvador Feliu, master, had gathered enslaved people along the "River Cameroons" on the Calabar Coast. The British and Spanish Mixed Court of Justice, at Havannah, condemned Planeta on 26 April.[14]
The capture of Aquila took place a few miles east of the Isle of Pines. Under the command of Juan Ferrer y Roig, master, she too had acquired enslaved people on the Calabar Coast. Aquila was substantially larger than Speedwell, and had a crew of 70 men. Aquila fought for an hour before she surrendered. The court in Havannah condemned her on 18 June.[14]
On 25 June Speedwell detained Indagadera a few miles east. She was under the command of her mate, Bartolomé Alemany, her original master, Ramon Casal, having died during the voyage. She had acquired enslaved people from Onis, Rio Lagos. On 1 July two men rowed a boat to Indagadera while she lay in Havannah harbour. They intended to free Alemany, and her boatswain and steward, who were still on board. However, Speedwell's crew were alert; they captured the two men and handed them over to the Spanish admiral of the port. The court condemned Indagadera on 9 July.[14]
These three captures resulted in Warren's promotion to Commander.[20]
Fate
editIn January 1834 the Navy sold Speedwell at Jamaica for £344 10s.[1]
Notes
edit- ^ In this context "Carthaginian" means insurgent privateers from Carthagena, Colombia.
- ^ A first-class share, that of Captain Geary of Sybille, was worth £277 7s 0d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £1 17s 5+1⁄4d.[7] A later payment for the hull and stores of Constantin amounted to £40 13s 0d for a first-class share, and 10s 0+3⁄4d for a sixth-class share.[8]
- ^ A first-class share of the prize money was worth £90 10s 3d; a sixth-class share was worth 7s 1+1⁄2d.[9]
- ^ A first-class share of the prize money was worth £548 16s 6+1⁄2d; a sixth-class share was worth £28 17s 8+1⁄4d, or more than a year's wages.[11]
- ^ A Commander's share was worth £306 12s 0d; a sixth-class share was worth £9 2s 1+1⁄2d.[16]
- ^ A Commander's share was worth £929 19s 7d; a sixth-class share was worth £25 7s 3d.[16]
- ^ A Commander's share was worth £234 6s 4+1⁄2d; a sixth-class share was worth £6 1s 2+3⁄4d.[16]
Citations
edit- ^ a b Winfield (2008), p. 371.
- ^ Lloyd's List n° 5142.
- ^ a b c d "NMM, vessel ID 376122" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ King, P 71
- ^ Record of Movements, p 77
- ^ McCarthy (2013), p. 63.
- ^ "No. 18346". The London Gazette. 23 March 1827. pp. 702–703.
- ^ "No. 18667". The London Gazette. 26 March 1830. p. 615.
- ^ "No. 18428". The London Gazette. 1 January 1828. p. 5.
- ^ "No. 18571". The London Gazette. 28 April 1829. p. 784.
- ^ "No. 18400". The London Gazette. 28 September 1827. p. 2015.
- ^ State Papers (1827), pp. 105-7.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database: vessel: Orestes.
- ^ a b c d Naval Database - accessed 30 November 2015.
- ^ State Papers (1847), Vol. 22, Part 1, pp.17-18.
- ^ a b c "No. 19104". The London Gazette. 22 November 1833. p. 2172.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database: Planeta.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Salve Trade Database: Aguila.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Salve Trade Database: Indagadora.
- ^ Clowes et al. (1901), Vol. 6, p.272.
References
edit- British and Foreign State Papers (1847), Volume 22, Part 1. (Great Britain: Foreign Office).
- Clowes, W. Laird, et al. (1897-1903) The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; London: S. Low, Marston and Co.).
- McCarthy, Matthew (2013). Privateering, Piracy and British Policy in Spanish America, 1810-1830. Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843838616.
- State Papers: Correspondence with the British Commissioners at Sierra Leone, The Havannah, Rio de Janeiro, and Surinam concerning the Slave Trade, 1826-27. (1827).
- Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project.