Wikipedia

Hakodate Transportation Bureau

The Hakodate City Tram Department (函館市企業局交通部, Hakodate-shi Kigyōkyoku Kōtsūbu, lit. "Hakodate City Enterprises Bureau Transportation Division") is a public transport authority in Hakodate, Japan. The bureau currently operates only trams, although until 1 April 2003[8] it also ran a number of bus routes.

Hakodate Transportation Bureau
A Hakodate City Tram type 9600 at Hackodate Dock-mae station
A Hakodate City Tram type 9600 at Hackodate Dock-mae station
Overview
LocaleHakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
Transit typeTram
Number of lines2 (routes), 4 (lines)
Number of stations26 (20 shared)
Annual ridership3,474,783 (2021)[1]
Operation
Began operation12 December 1897 (horse-drawn),[2] 1913 (electrified)[3][4]
Rolling stock32[a][4]
Technical
System length10.9 km (6.8 mi)[5]
Track gauge1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in)[6]
Electrification600 V DC via overhead line[7]
System map
A transit diagram of two tram routes in Hakodate (red and blue), alongside other public transport

The Kikan Horsecar Railway (亀函馬車鉄道, Kikan Basha Tetsudō), a private horsecar operating company, opened Hakodate's first tram line in 1897. It was the first tram in Japan to be located north of Tokyo. The network was electrified in 1913. Following several changes of ownership, the Hakodate City Government finally took over control of the lines in 1943.[4]

Hakodate City Tram

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There were once twelve routes operating on six lines with a total length of 17.9 km. However, declining ridership led to closure of parts of the network in 1978, 1992, and 1993. The current network consists of two routes operating on four lines with a total length of 10.9 km.

  • Lines: Officially, there are four lines:
  • Routes: There are two routes in regular service, using the above lines as follows:[9]
■ Route 2 (2系統): Yunokawa — Matsukazechō — Hakodate-Ekimae — Jūjigai — Yachigashira
■ Route 5 (5系統): Yunokawa — Matsukazechō — Hakodate-Ekimae — Jūjigai — Hakodate-Dokku-mae

For most of the day, trams run every ten minutes on each route, or every five minutes on the section between Yunokawa and Jūjigai, which is shared by both routes. After 19.00 the frequency is reduced to one tram every twenty minutes on each route, or every ten minutes on the shared section.

ICAS nimoca Card, a magnetic prepaid card, is accepted for payment of fares.[10]

Stations

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A tram at Jujigai station
 
A tram at Keibajo-mae station
 
A tram at Matsukaze-cho station

Both routes run together in parallel from Yunokawa to Jujigai for 20 stations, where they split up, with three stations on each separate branch.[11] In addition to connecting to a vaster network of bus routes criss-crossing the city,[12] the tram system is also linked to the Hakodate Station.[13]

Station Routes Nearby Transfers
Yunokawa
  
 Yukura Shrine To bus
Yunokawa-onsen
  
Hakodate arena-mae
  
 Hakodate Arena
Kobama-shako-mae
  
Keibajo-mae
  
 Hakodate
Racecourse 		To bus
Fukabori-cho
  
Kashiwagi-cho
  
Suginami-cho
  
Goryokaku-koen-mae
  
 To bus
Chuo-byoin-mae
  
 Hakodate Central
General Hospital
Chiyogadai
  
 Chiyogadai Park
Athletic Studium
Horikawa-cho
  
Showabashi
  
 To bus
Chitose-cho
  
Shinkawa-cho
  
Matsukaze-cho
  
Hakodate Ekimae
  
 Hakodate Station To bus, Hokuto train,
Hakodate Main Line
(rapid & local)
Shiyakusho-mae
  
Uoichiba-dori
  
Jujigai
  
Suehirocho
 
 Hakodate City Museum
of Northern Peoples
Omachi
 
Hakodate Dock-mae
 
 Hakodate Dock
Horai-cho
 
Aoyagi-cho
 
 Hakodate Park
Yachigashira
 

Rolling stock

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Hakodate Haikara-gō
 
Antique car №530 that has appeared in If Cats Disappeared from the World[14]
 
A 9600 series tramcar, known as Rakkuru-gō

As of 31 March 2023, the bureau owns 37 trams; 32 of them are used for commercial operation, three are decorated and two more are equipped with snowplows.[15] The following types of vehicles are in use:[16]

  • Series 30, also known as Haikara-gō. It is a vintage tramcar first operated in the city in 1918 and restored for use on tourist runs in the summer in 1993.[17][18]
  • Series 500 was manufactured between 1948 and 1950 and gradually phased out in the 1980s, with only two vehicles in service.[19] Furthermore, one of those, car №530, is usually kept at a depot and used for filming, plowing snow (see below) and in cases of heavy traffic[14]
  • Series 710, once the primary vehicle of the system. It is being gradually replaced, with four trams remaining. Two upgraded vehicles known as Series 7000 were introduced in 2020 and 2024, respectively.[20]
  • Series 800, first manufactured between 1962 and 1965. All but one of those were replaced by Series 8000, which are the system's primary tram. A single low-floor model of Series 8100 also exists, converted from a Series 800 model in 2002.[21][22][23]
  • Series 2000, represented by two cars introduced in 1993 and 1994, respectively.[24]
  • Series 3000, the first in Hokkaido to feature air conditioning and regenerative brakes. Those are known as Marine Blue.[25]
  • Series 9600, featuring ultra-low-floor access. The trams are known as Rakkuru-gō, and also as Little Dancer.[26][27][28]

The following vehicles are not used for commercial purposes:

  • Trams №3 and №4, also known as Sasara trams, are used for plowing snow. Six such trams were converted from regular ones in the 1930s. In addition to that, car №530 is also used for clearing snow thanks to its heavier weight.[29]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "函館市電２１年度乗降客、前年度比４％増もコロナ禍前には遠く【函館】". hokkaido-nl.jp. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  2. ^ "1913年に道内初の路面電車に―100周年を迎えた函館市電の歴史". hakkofaidofan.com. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  3. ^ "The Hakodate city tram Traveling smoothly by riding the Hakodate city tram is convenient for sightseeing!". Smart Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "函館市電のあゆみ". www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  5. ^ "函館市電". www.localline.jpn.com. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  6. ^ "Hakodate Tramway". railwaysofjapan.net. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  7. ^ "函館市交通局600形電車". weblio.jp. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  8. ^ "函館市交通局に関する資料". kakueki.info. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  9. ^ Hornyak, Tim. "Hakodate City Tram". hakodatestation.com. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  10. ^ "Transportation". Travel Hakodate. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  11. ^ "Hakodate City Tram and Bus". UU-Hokkaido. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  12. ^ "楽旅まっぷA2_裏_英語" (PDF). joruri-cms.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  13. ^ "Hakodate Station 函館駅". Japan Experience. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  14. ^ a b "ロケやイベント、雪の日にも大活躍、レトロ市電530号". hakobura.jp. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  15. ^ "交 通 事 業" (PDF). www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  16. ^ "車両のご紹介（函館市電）". 函館市. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  17. ^ "Haikara-Go Historical Tram". GaijinPot Travel. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  18. ^ "Hakodate Haikara-Gō". Hokkaido Love!. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  19. ^ "函館市交通局500形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  20. ^ "函館市交通局500形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  21. ^ "函館市企業局交通部 812". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  22. ^ "函館市交通局8000形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  23. ^ "函館市企業局交通部 8101". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  24. ^ "函館市交通局2000形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  25. ^ "函館市交通局3000形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  26. ^ "らっくる号／函館市電". tabirai.net. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  27. ^ "函館市交通局9600形電車". raillab.jp. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  28. ^ "#453: Rakkuru (Semiweekly-pedia of Japan)". thebbb.net. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  29. ^ "函館の冬の風物詩、ササラ電車のご紹介". hakobura.jp. Retrieved 25 October 2024.

Notes

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  1. ^ Only counting commercial vehicles
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