Halnaker Windmill (/ˈhænəkər/ HAN-ə-kər)[1] is a tower mill which stands on Halnaker Hill, north-east of Chichester, Sussex, England. The mill is reached by a public footpath from the north end of Halnaker, where a track follows the line of Stane Street before turning west to the hilltop. There is no longer any machinery in the brick tower.[2]
| Halnaker Windmill | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Origin | |
| Mill name | Halnaker Mill |
| Grid reference | SU 920 097 |
| Coordinates | 50°52′44″N 0°41′38″W / 50.879°N 0.694°W |
| Operator(s) | West Sussex County Council |
| Year built | Mid-18th century |
| Information | |
| Purpose | Corn mill |
| Type | Tower mill |
| Storeys | Four storeys |
| No. of sails | Four sails |
| Type of sails | Common sails |
| Windshaft | Cast iron (post restoration addition) |
| Winding | Fantail (missing) |
| No. of pairs of millstones | Two pairs |
History
editHalnaker Mill was first mentioned in 1540 as belonging to the manor of "Halfnaked". It was built for the Duke of Richmond as the feudal mill of the Goodwood Estate. The surviving mill is thought to date from the 1740s and is known to have been standing c.1780. Halnaker Mill was working until struck by lightning in 1905, damaging the sails and windshaft. The derelict mill was restored in 1934 by Neve's, the Heathfield millwrights as a memorial to the wife of Sir William Bird. Further repair work was done in 1954 by E Hole and Sons, The Burgess Hill millwrights.[3] The mill was again restored in 2004.[4] The mill is owned by West Sussex County Council.[5]
Description
editHalnaker Mill is a four-storey tower mill with a sixteen-sided beehive cap. The mill was originally hand-wound, and later fitted with a fantail, which was not replicated when the mill was restored. The four common sails were originally carried on a wooden windshaft, which was damaged by a 1905 lightning strike. A cast-iron windshaft and wooden brake wheel from a wind sawmill at Punnetts Town were fitted. The windshaft is cast in two pieces, bolted together and was too short for Halnaker Mill. Neve's inserted a spacer to lengthen it. The mill worked two pairs of overdrift millstones.[3]
Millers
editSource:[3]
- John Hervey 1810
- Charles Adams 1839–1870
- G R Watkins 1868–1905
Hilaire Belloc
editHalnaker Mill (or Ha'nacker Mill, reflecting the true pronunciation) is the subject of a poem by the English writer Hilaire Belloc in which the collapse of the mill is used as a metaphor for the tragic decay of the prevailing moral and social system.
Ha'nacker Mill
SALLY is gone that was so kindly,
Sally is gone from Ha'nacker Hill
And the Briar grows ever since then so blindly;
And ever since then the clapper is still...
And the sweeps have fallen from Ha'nacker Mill.
Ha'nacker Hill is in Desolation:
Ruin a-top and a field unploughed.
And Spirits that call on a fallen nation,
Spirits that loved her calling aloud,
Spirits abroad in a windy cloud.
Spirits that call and no one answers --
Ha'nacker's down and England's done.
Wind and Thistle for pipe and dancers,
And never a ploughman under the Sun:
Never a ploughman. Never a one.
There are musical settings of this poem by Peter Warlock and Ivor Gurney amongst others.
References
edit- ^ Pointon, G. E. (1983). BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-19-282745-6.
- ^ "Halnaker windmill". Sussex Mills Group. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
- ^ a b c Brunnarius, Martin (1979). The Windmills of Sussex. Chichester: Philimore. pp. 78–80, 191. ISBN 0-85033-345-8.
- ^ "Halnaker Windmill, West Sussex – 5th October 2004". Roughwood. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
- ^ "Landmark Windmill Being Restored Again" (Press release). West Sussex County Council. 11 August 2004. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
Further reading
editHemming, Peter (1936). The Windmills in Sussex. London: C W Daniel. Online version Archived 12 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit
Media related to Halnaker Windmill at Wikimedia Commons
- West Sussex County Council Halnaker Windmill on WSCC website.
- Windmill World page on Halnaker Windmill.
- Flickr Photographs of Halnaker Windmill on Flickr.