The Hand of Saint James the Apostle is a holy relic brought to England by Empress Matilda in the 12th century.[1]
History
editThe first recorded mention of the relic is in 640 when it was in the custody of the Bishop of Torcello, Venice. Around 1072, it was obtained by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor for the imperial chapel. The Empress Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V and daughter of Henry I of England brought it with her when she returned to England.[2] In 1133 her father donated it to Reading Abbey. In 1136 it was acquired by Henry of Blois (later Bishop of Winchester).[3] Matilda's son, Henry II became king in December 1154, and had the relic sent back to Reading the following year. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa asked for the return of St. James's Hand. Instead, Henry sent him a magnificent tent, which Frederick used on his Italian campaigns. Both Frederick and Henry regarded the relic as a symbol of dynastic restoration.[4] In the thirteenth century, the relic was used in healing miracles, which attracted many pilgrims to the Abbey.
In 1539 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, English monks hid the hand in an iron chest in the walls of Reading Abbey. It was dug up again in 1786 by workmen and given to Reading Museum. Around 1845 it was sold to Charles Robert Scott-Murray, who put it in his private chapel at Danesfield House. On his death in 1882 he gave it to St. Peter's Church in Great Marlow (now Marlow), which is where it resides today.[5] In 2011 it was loaned to the Church of St. James in Reading for three days to mark the Feast of St James. The event was sponsored by the Confraternity of St James.[3]
References
edit- ^ Simon Yarrow (23 February 2006). Saints and their Communities : Miracle Stories in Twelfth-Century England: Miracle Stories in Twelfth-Century England. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-151579-8.
- ^ Chibnall, Marjorie (1991), The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English, London, UK: Basil Blackwell, pp. 43–44, ISBN 978-0-631-15737-3
- ^ a b "Mummified hand of St James is returned". Reading Chronicle. 31 July 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Freed, John B., Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth, Yale University Press, 2016, p. 272 ISBN 9780300122763
- ^ Living the History: Empress Matilda and the Hand of St. James, accessed September 2017
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