Wikipedia

Harmen Krul

Harmen M. Krul (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɑrmə(ŋ) ˈkrʏl]; born 19 May 1994) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and a former Royal Netherlands Navy officer. Krul was mostly raised in Den Helder and joined the Royal Naval College in 2013 after graduating high school. He served as a naval officer, rising to the rank of lieutenant before becoming secretary on the boards of two professional associations for officers in 2020.

Harmen Krul
A Caucasian man with dark hair posing in a navy uniform in an old room
Krul in his navy uniform (c. 2020)
Member of the House of Representatives
Incumbent
Assumed office
7 February 2023
Preceded byRaymond Knops
Member of the Den Helder Municipal Council
In office
29 March 2018 – 15 May 2023
Succeeded byJane Lobles
Personal details
Born
Harmen M. Krul

(1994-05-19) 19 May 1994 (age 30)
Blaricum, Netherlands
Political partyChristian Democratic Appeal
Children1
Alma materRoyal Naval College
Occupation
  • Navy officer
  • politician
Websiteharmenkrul.nl
Military service
AllegianceNetherlands
Branch/serviceRoyal Netherlands Navy
Years of service2013–2023[a]
RankLieutenant
Unit
  • Maritime Battle Staff
  • Surface Assault and Training Group

At the age of 23, Krul was elected to the Den Helder Municipal Council in 2018 after the CDA asked him to be its lead candidate. During the campaign, Krul criticized uncooperative behavior in local politics, and after his election, he was appointed vice chair of the council. Krul received a second term of office in 2022. He unsuccessfully ran as the party's youth candidate for the House of Representatives in the 2021 general election but in February 2023, he was appointed to the body after Raymond Knops resigned.

Early life and naval career

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Krul was born on 19 May 1994 in Blaricum in Gooi, the Netherlands, and grew up in nearby Laren, North Holland. He has a sister. As a child, he moved to the village of Huisduinen in Den Helder,[b] from where his mother originated, and his father died when Krul was twelve.[2][3][4] He attended Lyceum aan Zee high school, graduating with a VWO diploma, and he played football as a center-back at FC Den Helder.[3][5]

In 2013, Krul attended the Royal Naval College in Den Helder. Five years later, he said he was pursuing a degree in digital business administration at the University of Amsterdam concurrent with his naval job.[2][5] Krul served as part of the Maritime Battle Staff and as second lieutenant of the Surface Assault and Training Group (SATG), which provides logistical support and is based on the island Texel.[2][6] He remained stationed there so he could attend municipal council meetings.[7] In September 2020, Krul was promoted to the rank of lieutenant (OF-2).[8] The same month, Krul left the SATG to serve as secretary of GOV|MHB, the professional association of officers and civilian personnel of the Dutch armed forces, and as editor-in-chief of its bulletin ProDef. He simultaneously joined one of its member organizations, the Royal Association of Naval Officers (KVMO), as secretary.[7][6][1] Krul had already become a board member of the KVMO and chair of its youth group in 2018.[9] Krul remained an active officer but was exempted from military duties, and upon his appointment to the House of Representatives in 2023, he left the navy, GOV|MHB, and the KVMO.[1][10][11]

Den Helder politics

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2018 election and coalition talks

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According to Harmen Krul, he came from a leftist family but chose to join the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) because he valued personal responsibility and looking after others.[3] He has also mentioned that the CDA's opposition to defense budget cuts attracted him, and he has called navy office and Prime Minister Piet de Jong (1915–2016) his idol.[12] In 2017, Krul was asked to give an introduction at a defense-themed CDA campaign event in Den Helder before that year's general election. His speech about the importance of the armed forces drew the attention of attending Member of Parliament (MP) Raymond Knops, who encouraged Krul to become politically active.[2][3][13]

Having assisted the CDA's parliamentary group in the Den Helder Municipal Council, Krul was asked to be the party's lead candidate in March 2018 municipal elections.[14] Parliamentary leader Roy Slort did not seek another term because of his job and family.[15] At age 23, Krul was the fourth-youngest lead candidate in the election nationally and the youngest of his party. He supported a merger of municipalities in the Kop van North Holland region during the campaign, and he complained about the local politics of the last years, arguing in favor of more-constructive cooperation.[2][16] The CDA became the second-largest party in the election behind the local Beter voor Den Helder party (BvDH; Better for Den Helder), winning five out of 31 seats compared to four in the previous election.[17][18]

Krul was sworn in as a councilor on 29 March 2018.[19] He was also appointed as vice chair of the council, presiding over meetings in the mayor's absence, and as chair of the credentials committee that investigates new council members.[20][21][22] Krul was involved in talks to form a coalition government on behalf of the CDA; he wanted the VVD to join a coalition but BvDH opposed this.[17] BvDH allowed the CDA to choose the first formateur but the CDA withdrew from the talks after it sensed distrust against it from the other participating parties.[23][24] A second formateur Jan Nagel included the VVD in negotiations but they again failed after Krul discovered BvDH had been in a late stage of secretly forming a parallel coalition that excluded the CDA and the VVD. Krul said he felt betrayed and that those actions further damaged the reputation of Den Helder politics. Krul asked BvDH for the initiative for new coalition negotiations after another party withdrew from the secret coalition.[17][25] BvDH, however, decided for a fourth time to lead the talks and a coalition agreement between seven parties, including BvDH and the CDA, was signed in late June.[26][27] Den Helder's turbulent politics drew attention from national media outlets.[17][25][28]

First term and re-election

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The 63-metre-tall (207 ft) Lange Jaap

As parliamentary leader, Krul successfully proposed the re-establishment of a youth council after ten years to advise the municipality.[29][30] He also said farms should be allowed to house 50 rather that 30 seasonal workers to alleviate nuisances in residential areas. The municipal executive implemented the increase after a motion by Krul was carried.[31] When for the same reason the executive proposed a €185,000 ($210,000 USD) minimum value for properties that could be rented to temporary workers, Krul suggested it should be raised to €200,000 ($220,000 USD). His amendment passed the council.[32] In May 2018, the Seniorenpartij (Seniors' party) left the governing coalition while its alderman stayed on, switching parties. Krul initially found the latter move unacceptable but later accepted it.[33] He proposed a recalibration of the coalition agreement and called for ideas from opposition parties.[34] In 2021, when the government agency Rijkswaterstaat's severe neglect of the historic Den Helder lighthouse Lange Jaap was discovered, Krul contacted MP Pieter Omtzigt, who had been ejected from the CDA months before. Omtzigt subsequently questioned the minister.[35] Krul introduced a motion urging the municipal executive to consider inclusiveness when granting permits for the arrival of Sinterklaas during the yearly namesake tradition. It was supported by a council majority. The Sinterklaas character's black-faced companion Zwarte Piet (Black Pete) part of the celebration, had been criticized nationally for racism.[36]

Krul ran for a second term in March 2022, again as the CDA's lead candidate. He advocated a council-wide governing agreement in Den Helder instead of forming a new coalition government, and he promoted his national manifesto "Geen haat in de raad" (No hate in the council) in favor of cooperation in local politics.[37][38] The CDA lost two of its five seats in the election amid national losses for the party.[39][40] Krul retained his position as the council's vice chair.[41] The CDA, fourth-largest party, joined the new eight-party coalition that was finalized in August after considerable infighting among two local parties.[42][43] Krul continued to serve as parliamentary leader until early 2023, when he was appointed to the House of Representatives; he was succeeded by Edwin Krijns and he left the municipal council on 15 May.[13][44]

House of Representatives

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Harmen Krul was placed 21st on the CDA's party list in the March 2021 general election, in which the members of the House of Representatives were chosen. Presenting himself as the party's youth candidate, Krul pleaded for the re-establishing of student grants to replace existing loans, for the reduction of flexible contracts in the labor market, and for the building of more homes to alleviate a housing shortage.[45][46] He also advocated additional investments in defense and he wrote an opinion piece with MP Pieter Heerma in favor of a compulsory civilian service to bridge gaps between groups in society. Earlier advocacy by the CDA had led to a voluntary variant for people between the ages of 12 and 30 who would serve between 80 hours and six months.[47][48][49] Krul also frequently appeared as a panel member on the BNR Nieuwsradio phone-in news show Breekt during the campaign season.[50] In the election, the CDA won 15 seats – insufficient for Krul to receive a seat in the House.[51] In Den Helder, one-third of CDA voters cast a preference vote for Krul, giving him nearly as many votes as party leader Wopke Hoekstra in the municipality.[52][53]

In January 2023, MP Raymond Knops announced he would leave the House to join The Netherlands Industries for Defence & Security (NIDV).[54] Due to his position on the party list, Krul was appointed as Knops' successor and was sworn into the House of Representatives on 7 February.[55] He became the CDA's spokesperson for mobility, defense, and civilian service.[c][5] Krul was re-elected in November 2023 as the CDA's fifth candidate, and his specialties changed to healthcare, education, culture, narcotics, and sex crimes.[56]

Committee assignments

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  • Committee for Defense
  • Committee for European Affairs
  • Committee for Foreign Affairs
  • Committee for Infrastructure and Water Management
  • Committee for the Interior
  • Committee for Justice and Security
  • Credentials committee[4]

Personal life

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As a Member of Parliament, Krul continued to live in Den Helder.[4] His partner was a naval officer as of 2020, and their first son was born in October 2022.[3][57]

Electoral history

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Electoral history of Harmen Krul
Year Body Party Pos. Votes Result Ref.
Party seats Individual
2018 Den Helder Municipal Council Christian Democratic Appeal 1 1,420 5 Won [58]
2021 House of Representatives Christian Democratic Appeal 21 1,985 15 Lost[d] [59]
2022 Den Helder Municipal Council Christian Democratic Appeal 1 959 3 Won [60]
2023 Provincial Council of North Holland Christian Democratic Appeal 8[e] 203 2 Lost [61]
2023 House of Representatives Christian Democratic Appeal 5 2,618 5 Won [62]

Notes

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  1. ^ He was exempted from military duties in the years 2020–2023 as a result of his role at GOV|MHB.[1]
  2. ^ One source says he moved at age four, while another mentions he lived in Laren for six years.[2][3]
  3. ^ Krul's specialties were initially infrastructure, mobility, water, the environment, and civilian service, but this was changed within a few months of his House appointment as part of a reshuffle to mobility, railways, air travel, defense (excluding veterans and NATO 2% defense spending norm), and civilian service.[5]
  4. ^ Krul was appointed to the body later during the term due to a vacancy.
  5. ^ Krul participated as a lijstduwer.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Bestuur GOV|MHB" [Board GOV|MHB]. GOV|MHB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2023 – via Wayback Machine.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Gijsbertsen, Martijn (16 March 2018). "'Leeftijd is ook maar een getal'" ['Age is just a number']. Noordhollands Dagblad/Helderse Courant (in Dutch). p. 4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Faber, Hedzer (31 October 2020). "Een marineman van 26 wordt zomaar gelanceerd naar een verkiesbare plek op de CDA-kieslijst voor de Tweede Kamer. Wie denkt deze Harmen Krul wel dat-ie is?" [A 26-year-old navy man could suddenly be elected to the House of Representatives on behalf of the CDA. Who does Harmen Krul think he is?]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Krul H.M. (CDA)". House of Representatives. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "Harmen Krul". Christian Democratic Appeal (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Secretaris KVMO Harmen Krul: marineofficier, raadslid en kandidaat voor de Tweede Kamer" [KVMO secretary Harmen Krul: Naval officer, councilor, and candidate for the House of Representatives] (PDF). Marineblad (in Dutch). Vol. 131, no. 2. Royal Association of Marine Officers. March 2021. p. 32. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  7. ^ a b Booy, Arie (5 October 2020). "Harmen Krul hoofdredacteur landelijk Defensieblad en secretaris KVMO" [Harmen Krul editor-in-chief national defense magazine and secretary KVMO]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Bevordering!" [Promotion!]. Royal Association of Naval Officers (Press release) (in Dutch). 5 October 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Secretarieel jaarverslag 2018" [Secretarial annual report 2018] (PDF). Marineblad (in Dutch). Vol. 129, no. 3. Royal Association of Marine Officers. May 2019. pp. 5–7 (Beschrijvingsbrief 2019). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Secretaris Harmen Krul verlaat per 7 februari a.s. de GOV|MHB" [Secretary Harmen Krul leaves GOV|MHB as of 7 February]. GOV|MHB (Press release) (in Dutch). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Secretaris Harmen Krul verlaat per 7 februari a.s. de KVMO" [Secretary Harmen Krul leaves the KVMO as of 7 February]. Royal Association of Marine Officers (Press release) (in Dutch). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  12. ^ Vrijsen, Eric (10 July 2023). "Deze CDA-talenten zijn de potentiële opvolgers van Hoekstra" [These CDA hopefuls are Hoekstra's potential successors]. Elsevier Weekblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  13. ^ a b Weltevreden, Delano (31 January 2023). "Het is hem tóch gelukt: Harmen Krul gaat naar de Tweede Kamer. 'Het was een grote verrassing'" [He did it after all: Harmen Krul will enter the House of Representatives. 'It was a major surprise']. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  14. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (16 June 2020). "Harmen Krul (CDA Den Helder): Leeftijd is in de politiek niet belangrijk, kwaliteit wel" [Harmen Krul (Den Helder CDA): Age is not important in politics, quality is]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  15. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (8 September 2017). "Krul voert lijst van CDA Den Helder aan" [Krul leads party list Den Helder CDA]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  16. ^ Dekker, Ed (8 March 2018). "'Niet achterop raken bij regio's'" ['Not falling behind other regions']. Noordhollands Dagblad/Helderse Courant (in Dutch). p. 2.
  17. ^ a b c d Schravesande, Freek (30 April 2018). "'Hier in Den Helder is echt iets mis'" ['Something is really wrong here in Den Helder']. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  18. ^ "Gemeenteraad 19 maart 2014" [Municipal council 19 March 2014]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  19. ^ De Jager, Marischka (29 March 2018). "Helderse burgemeester spreekt de raad toe: 'Zet een streep onder verleden'" [Den Helder mayor addresses the council: 'Forget the past']. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  20. ^ Booy, Arie (7 May 2018). "Rekenkamer blijft alleen voor Den Helder werken" [Court of audit continues to work only for Den Helder]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  21. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (5 November 2019). "Lid commissie geloofsbrieven: Geen twijfel over integriteit van raadslid Marinus Vermooten" [Credentials committee member: No doubt over integrity councilor Marinus Vermooten]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  22. ^ "Gemeenteraad 07 mei 2018 19:30:00" [Council meeting 7 May 2018 19:30:00]. Municipality of Den Helder (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  23. ^ Van Egmond, Bo-Anne (3 April 2018). "Oud-Kamerlid Huibers formateur in Den Helder" [Former member of parliament Huibers formateur in Den Helder]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  24. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (14 April 2018). "CDA trekt stekker uit besprekingen" [CDA pulls out of talks]. Noordhollands Dagblad/Helderse Courant (in Dutch). p. 1.
  25. ^ a b Dirks, Bart (28 April 2018). "Chaos compleet in collegevorming Den Helder" [Complete chaos in formation of governing coalition Den Helder]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  26. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (2 May 2018). "'Beter' gaat voor vierde keer poging wagen" ['Beter' will try a fourth time]. Noordhollands Dagblad/Schager Courant (in Dutch). p. 6.
  27. ^ "Helderse coalitie gepresenteerd: "De rode draad is dat we het anders willen doen"" [Den Helder coalition presented: "The main takeaway is that we want to do things differently"]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). 28 June 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  28. ^ Vollebregt, Barbara (5 May 2018). "Waarom het al jaren misgaat in het gemeentehuis van Den Helder" [Why so much has been going wrong for years in the Den Helder town hall]. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  29. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (22 March 2019). "Fractie CDA: Jongerenraad Den Helder in najaar 2019" [CDA parliamentary group: Den Helder youth council in late 2019]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  30. ^ "Gemeente maakt geld vrij voor de JAR" [Municipality appropriates funds to the JAR]. Regio Noordkop (in Dutch). 15 August 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  31. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (27 September 2018). "Vijftig werkers per bedrijf" [Fifty workers per company]. Noordhollands Dagblad/Schager Courant (in Dutch). p. 5.
  32. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (19 December 2019). "Minder huisjes kamerverhuur" [Fewer homes for rental rooms]. Noordhollands Dagblad/Helderse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
  33. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (3 June 2020). "Oppositie maakt gehakt van 'adoptie' wethouder Duijnker door Beter voor Den Helder. Coalitie kiest voor stabiliteit en continuïteit" [Opposition destroys 'adoption' of alderman Duijnker by Beter voor Den Helder. Coalition chooses stability and continuity]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  34. ^ "CDA: "Tijd voor een herijking van het Helders coalitieakkoord"" [CDA: "Time for a recalibration of the Den Helder coalition agreement"]. Regio Noordkop (in Dutch). 6 June 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  35. ^ Brandsma, Hans (21 December 2021). "Pieter Omtzigt en Harmen Krul bondgenoten in strijd voor behoud van vuurtoren. Het gezamenlijk belang is de Lange Jaap'" [Pieter Omtzigt and Harmen Krul cooperate to preserve lighthouse. 'Our joint interest is the Lange Jaap']. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  36. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (27 September 2021). "In Den Helder een sinterklaasintocht zonder zwarte pieten" [The arrival of Sinterklaas in Den Helder without Black Petes]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  37. ^ Brandsma, Hans (9 July 2021). "In Harmen Krul schuilt (nog) geen wethouder. 'Ik ben veel meer een ongeduldige jonge hond dan bestuurder'" [Harmen Krul not (yet) ready to be an alderman. 'I am more of a puppy than a ruler']. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  38. ^ "Krul (CDA) start manifest tegen haat in de politiek, vanavond te gast bij Op1" [Krul (CDA) launches manifesto against hate in politics, tonight a guest of Op1]. Regio Noordkop (in Dutch). 17 February 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  39. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (18 March 2022). "Tien nieuwe volksvertegenwoordigers in de Helderse gemeenteraad" [Ten new representatives in the Den Helder Municipal Council]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  40. ^ "CDA, VVD, SP en PVV verliezen; PvdA wint" [CDA, VVD, SP, and PVV lose; PvdA wins]. NOS (in Dutch). 17 March 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  41. ^ "Harmen Krul gekozen tot vervangend voorzitter van de raad" [Harmen Krul chosen vice chair of the council]. Regio Noordkop (in Dutch). 9 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  42. ^ Weltevreden, Delano (29 August 2022). "Alle wethouders krijgen groen licht van de gemeenteraad van Den Helder, oppositie stelt zich positief op" [All alderman are approved by Den Helder's municipal council, opposition takes a positive approach]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  43. ^ Ketelaar, Titia; Wassens, Rik (28 August 2022). "Waarom Putten zes maanden nodig had om tot een nieuw college te komen" [Why Putten needed six months to form a new municipal executive]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  44. ^ "Afscheid Harmen Krul en installatie Jane Lobles" [Farewell Harmen Krul and installation Jane Lobles]. Municipality of Den Helder (Press release) (in Dutch). 16 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  45. ^ "Helders raadslid Harmen Krul wil Tweede Kamer in, kan jongste Kamerlid worden" [Den Helder councilor Harmen Krul wants to join House of Representatives, could become youngest member of parliament]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). 27 October 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  46. ^ Gemmink, Matthijs (19 December 2020). "Campagne voeren in coronatijd: "Je mist het contact met de mensen"" [Campaigning during the COVID-19 pandemic: "You are missing the contact with the people"]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  47. ^ Brandsma, Hans (17 March 2021). "Haalt Harmen Krul de Tweede Kamer? 'Ik heb er alles uitgehaald wat nodig was. Nu is het afwachten'" [Will Harmen Krul make it to the House of Representatives? 'I have done everything that was necessary']. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  48. ^ "Heerma: voer verplichte maatschappelijke diensttijd in" [Heerma: Introduce compulsory civilian service]. Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 7 January 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  49. ^ "F.A.Q." Doe mee met MDT.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  50. ^ "Zoeken" [Search]. BNR Nieuwsradio (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  51. ^ "Definitieve uitslag verkiezingen: VVD 34 zetels, D66 24 en vier nieuwe partijen" [Final election results: VVD 34 seats, D66 24, and four new parties]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 26 March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  52. ^ Visser, Marten (21 March 2021). "Helderse kiezer vierkant achter Harmen Krul. Met 916 voorkeursstemmen zit hij zijn CDA-lijsttrekker Wopke Hoekstra op de hielen" [Den Helder voters squarely support Harmen Krul. He is close to CDA lead candidate Wopke Hoekstra with 916 preference votes.]. Noordhollands Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  53. ^ "Één op de drie CDA stemmers in Den Helder kiest voor Harmen Krul" [One in three CDA voters in Den Helder choose Harmen Krul]. Regio Noordkop (in Dutch). 22 March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  54. ^ "CDA-Kamerlid Raymond Knops gaat lobbyclub defensie-industrie leiden" [CDA House member Raymond Knops will lead defense industry lobbying organization]. NOS (in Dutch). 27 January 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  55. ^ "Harmen Krul beëdigd als CDA-Kamerlid" [Harmen Krul sworn in as House member on behalf of the CDA]. House of Representatives (Press release) (in Dutch). 7 February 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  56. ^ "Tweede Kamerleden" [Members of parliament]. Christian Democratic Appeal (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  57. ^ "Harmen Krul". House of Representatives (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  58. ^ "Gemeenteraad 21 maart 2018" [Municipal council 21 March 2018]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  59. ^ "Tweede Kamer 17 maart 2021" [House of Representatives 17 March 2021]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  60. ^ "Gemeenteraad 16 maart 2022" [Municipal council 16 March 2022]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  61. ^ "Proces-verbaal uitslag verkiezing Provinciale Staten Noord-Holland 2023" [Records election results Provincial Council of North Holland 2023] (PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 27 March 2023. p. 24. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  62. ^ "Proces-verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal 2023 d.d. 4 december 2023" [Report of the results of the election of the House of Representatives on 4 December 2023] (PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 4 December 2023. pp. 37–38. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
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