Harriet Christina Tytler (née Earle; 3 October 1828 – 24 November 1907) was a British artist, writer, and a pioneer photographer. With her husband Robert Christopher Tytler, she created over 300 photographs.[1] She is known for the documentation of monuments and the Siege of Delhi.
Early life
editTytler was born in Sikraura, Bahraich, India, where her father was an officer in the 3rd Bengal Native Infantry.[2]
In her autobiography An Englishwoman in India Harriet records in detail her experiences as a child in various military stations to which her father was transferred. In 1831 she was sent with two of her siblings to England, where she lived in Birmingham with her aunt and uncle. She returned to India at the age of seventeen. On 2 March 1848 she married Major Robert Christopher Tytler, whose wife had died fourteen months earlier.[3] Their son, Major-General Sir Harry Tytler, followed his father into the Indian Army.
Experiences in India
edit
The Tytlers were introduced to photography by Felix Beato and Dr John Murray of Agra. In May 1857 the couple were resident in the military cantonments outside Delhi, where Robert Tytler's regiment, the 38th Bengal Native Infantry was one of the first to mutiny during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Because she was heavily pregnant, Harriet was allowed to stay on and was the only British woman present at the Siege of Delhi. She later gave birth in a donkey cart while escaping to safer areas. They named this third child Stanley Delhi-Force Tytler.[4][5]
From 1862 to 1864 she lived in the Andaman Islands where her husband was posted as a Superintendent of the Ross Island Penal Colony, a penal settlement which was established mainly to house prisoners from the 1857 mutiny. The region around a 1,100 foot high hill in the South Andamans, which was named after her as Mount Harriet (now known as Mount Manipur),[6] was cleared of forest by Tytler. The area is now protected as the Mount Harriet National Park. Tytler's tenure in the Andamans was short and they moved to Simla. In Simla, Harriet founded an Asiatic Christian Orphanage.[7]
She died in Simla on 24 November 1907.[8]
Photography and artwork
editHarriet's photographic work is mixed with those of her husband. Some pictures bear the "S.C.T." which have been identified as standing for her son Stanley. Many of her photographs are included in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada[9][10] and the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography.[11] Although never having painted before she began work on a large canvas of 6x18 feet, to depict from memory the palace of the Emperor of Delhi as a cyclorama. She completed this work in 1872, following the death of Robert.[5] Harriet kept a diary and her memoirs were published in 1986 as An Englishwoman in India. Her son Stanley grew up in Australia and became an artist of repute. He moved to British Columbia where he was a founding member of the B.C. Society of Fine Arts in 1909.
References
edit- ^ Mary Warner Marien (2006). Photography: A Cultural History. Laurence King Publishing. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-85669-493-3.
- ^ Tytler, Harriet. An Englishwoman in India: The Memoirs of Harriet Tytler, 1828-1858. Anthony Sattin ed., and Philip Mason Introduction. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986: 5. - give Secrora as the place of birth but some genealogy sites give Neemuch as the birthplace.
- ^ Tytler, Harriet (1986). An Englishwoman in India. p. 203. ISBN 0-19-212244-4.
- ^ P. J. O. Taylor (1996). A companion to the "Indian mutiny" of 1857. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-563863-9.
- ^ a b "Luminous-Lint - Photographer - Harriet Christina Tytler". www.luminous-lint.com.
- ^ Samom, Sobhapati (2021). "Mount Harriet in Andaman to be named Mount Manipur in tribute to freedom fighters". The Hindustan Times (published 17 October 2021).
- ^ Mathur, L.P. (1968). History Of The Andaman And Nicobar Island (1756-1966). Delhi: Sterling Publishers. pp. 134–135.
- ^ "Harriet C. Tytler". www.gallery.ca.
- ^ "Road Leading to the Kashmir Gate, Delhi". www.gallery.ca.
- ^ National Gallery of Canada; Lori Pauli; John P. McElhone (2011). 19th-century British Photographs from the National Gallery of Canada. National Gallery of Canada. ISBN 978-0-88884-886-4.
- ^ Anne Anninger; Julie Mellby; Houghton Library (1999). Salts of silver, toned with gold: the Harrison D. Horblit collection of early photography. Houghton Library, Harvard University. ISBN 978-0-914630-22-7.