Hasta Vinyasas (Sanskrit: हास्त विन्यास; Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɦaːstɐ ʋɪnjaːsɐ]; IAST:Hāsta Vinyāsa) are a set of yoga vinyasas that primarily involve movement of the arms.[1]
The Hasta Vinyasas are: Parshvabhaga (Lateral Side Movement), Purvabhaga (Frontal Stretch), Prasarana (Sweeping Movement), Elbow Movement, Hands on Shoulder Blades Movements, Hands-Lock Behind Movements, Prishtanjali (Back Salute), and Shoulder Rotations.[2]
Etymology
editHasta Vinyasa is derived from Sanskrit: हास्त Hāsta, "formed with the hands",[3] and Sanskrit: विन्यास Vinyāsa, "movement".[4]
Below is a table of the Sanskrit etymology of the Hasta Vinyasas.
| English Translation | IAST | Devanagari | Literal Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lateral Side Movement | Pārśvabhāga Vinyāsa | पार्श्वभाग विन्यास | side part[5] |
| Frontal Stretch | Pūrvabhāga Vinyāsa | पूर्वभाग विन्यास | front part[6] |
| Sweeping Movement | Prasaraṇa Vinyāsa | प्रसरण विन्यास | spreading forth, broadcast[7] |
| Elbow Movement | – | – | – |
| Hands on Shoulder Blades Movements | – | – | – |
| Hands Lock Behind Body Movements | – | – | – |
| Reverse Prayer[8] or Back Salute[9] Movement | Paścima Namaskāra Vinyāsa or Pṛṣṭa Añjali | पश्चिम नमस्कारा or पृष्ट आञ्जलि | reverse prayer pose[10][11][9] |
| Shoulder Rotations | – | – | – |
Description
editAs vinyasas which have Tadasana as their base, the Hasta Vinyasas improve balance, and calm the mind (which also helps to produce a steady body) and ready a practitioner for asana practice.[12] Simultaneously the movement of the Hasta Vinyasas help invigorate the body and prepare it for other asana practice. [13]
When performing these vinyasas, all bandhas may be engaged, except in the backward bending vinyasas, where Jalandhara Bandha is not fully engaged.[1]
Additionally, pranayama is of utmost importance during vinyasa practice. Breath and movement should be coordinated appropriately.[1]
Parshvabhaga Vinyasa
editThe starting position for Parshvabhaga Vinyasa is Samasthitiḥ. While inhaling, stretch the arms straight to the sides and over the head, ending the inhale with the fingers interlaced and palms facing upward (this position is called Urdhva Baddhanguliyasana). As the palms are being turned out, the arms should be pulled upwards. After remaining in the stretch with the arms above the head for a moment, with the exhale, the hands are then brought out along sides back to Samasthitiḥ. The length of the upwards and downwards actions (and thus both inhale and exhale) should be equal, and long (perhaps, 5 seconds). It can be practiced a few times stretching more each time. Parshvabhaga Vinyasa primarily stretches the sides and the chest muscles.[14] This movement provides a healthy stretch to thoracic cavity and rib structures, especially with a slight back bend.[15]
Purvabhaga Vinyasa
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Like Purvabhaga Vinyasa begins in Samasthitiḥ, but the hands are turned so the palms face backwards. As in Parshvabhaga Vinyasa, the arms are raised slow with the inhale. At the peak, the palms face forward. The breath may be held for a moment, before lowering the arms with the exhale; both breath and movement finishing simultaneously. This vinyasa can be performed a few times, progressively deepening the stretch. [14]
Prasarana Vinyasa
editFrom a standing position (as in Samasthitiḥ) with the arms crossed palms on opposite thighs, swing the arms slowly out and up to shoulder height on their respective sides, hold for a moment, and return the hands. The movement, as with Parshvabhaga Vinyasa and Purvabhaga Vinyasa, is done inhaling up, and exhaling down, the motions beginning and ending with their appropriate breath. It can also be repeated a few times. Prasarana Vinyasa is a good chest opener, especially when breathing deeply.[13]
Elbow Movement
edit
The Elbow Movement involves interlocking the fingers behind the base of the head (at the neck), with the arms raised and out to the sides. From standing (Samasthitiḥ) the arms are first raised above the head on the inhale, and then lowered on the exhale (fingers interlocked) to their place behind the head, with the chest open and shoulder blades adducted (moved towards the center; together). There is then a pause, and the hands are raised again while inhaling, and returned slowly to the sides with the exhale. This position should not be forced if the practitioner exhibits stiffness. [13] The elbow movement can be repeated a few times before returning the hands to the sides, but always with the breath. Especially with a slight back bend, this position expands the thoracic cavity increasing lung capacity as well as stretching the intercostal muscles.[16]
Hands on Shoulder Blades Movements
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There are two main "Hands on Shoulder Blades" hand positions. One with the hands on their respective shoulderblades, and the other with the hands on their opposite shoulder blades. Both positions are entered in the same way. From Samasthitiḥ, on the inhale, the hands are raised over the head, as in Parshvabhaga Vinyasa, and with the exhale the elbows are bent and the hands are brought behind the back (to their appropriate position). The position is held for between three and six full breaths (where one breath equals one inhale, and one exhale). To return to Samasthitiḥ, the arms are again raised on an inhale, and returned as in Parshvabhaga Vinyasa to the sides. Both movements open the chest, notably the pectoral muscles, and above the clavicles, and top area of the lungs.[17]
Hands Lock Behind Body Movements
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These are two different positions: One with the hands interlaced palms down behind the body, and the other with the hands at the elbows behind the body. They can both be practiced with minor back bends. Both are entered in the same way (as with other Hasta Vinyasas): From Samasthitiḥ, raise the hands on an inhale as in Parshvabhaga Vinyasa, and lower with the exhale to the appropriate hand position. When exiting these positions, the hands are simply returned to the sides (to Samasthitiḥ) and not brought back up above the head.[9]
Hands at Elbows Behind the Body
editOne hand clasps the elbow from the inside (palm on the side of the elbow which is toward the body), and the other under the opposite bent elbow. When practiced as an Hasta Vinyasa, a minor back-bend can be performed starting on an inhale after entering the pose. When back-bending, the chest is lifted, shoulders dropped, and shoulder blades brought inward. There is then a pause with the breath held for a moment, and on the exhale one returns to standing (or Sanskrit: sthitiḥ). This back bending series is repeated 3–6 times. This hand position can also be applied to other asanas, such as uttanasana, as well as backward bending poses. [9]
Hands Interlaced Palms Down
editIn the position the fingers are interlaced with the palms facing downward, arms behind the back. A back bend is initiated on the inhale, with care taken to lift the chest up, and bring the shoulders down (adducting the scapula). The posture is held for three to six breaths before returning with an exhale to a standing position. This position stretches the chest, and facilitates back-bending.[9]
Reverse Prayer Vinyasa
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When performing Pashcima Namaskara Vinyasa (Reverse Prayer Vinyasa) or Pṛṣṭa Añjali (Back Salute) the arms are raised on an inhale, as in Parshvabhaga Vinyasa,. On the exhale, they are brought, palms together to the bottom of the spine and slid upwards. All other aspects of the hand and arm position correspond with Pashcima Namaskarasana (Reverse Prayer Pose). A back-bend can be added on the inhale in a similar fashion as with Hands at Elbows Behind the Body (on the inhale, repeated three to six times). After all, placing the hands on the elbows is considered a modification of Pashcima Namaskarasana.[9]
Shoulder Rotation Vinyasas
editThere are two Hasta Vinyasas for shoulder rotation: One is a back bend with hands over the head, followed by a simultaneous return to standing, and movement of the arms toward the front. The other is an arm movement lowering the arms and from above the head, and then opening horizontally to the sides.[18]
Back Bending Shoulder Rotation
editBeginning with the fingers interlaced (palms out) above the head (as at the apex of Parshvabhaga Vinyasa), a back-bend is performed on the inhale. On the following exhale, the arms are brought around the sides to the front in an arc, ending palms up in front of the body.[18]
Upright Shoulder Rotation
editWith the hands beginning above the head, palms facing forward, roughly shoulder width apart (as at the apex of Purvabhaga Vinyasa), the arms are lowered on an exhale to shoulder level (ending with the palms down).[18]
Style of Yoga
editThe Hasta Vinyasas originate from Vinyasa Krama Yoga.[13]
References
edit- ^ a b c Ramaswami 2005, p. 4.
- ^ Ramaswami 2005, pp. 4–10.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: हास्त Entry". Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: विन्यास Entry". Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: पार्श्वभाग Entry". Retrieved 2012-04-03.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: पूर्वभाग". Retrieved 2012-04-03.
- ^ "SpoekSanskrit.de". Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Fitz-Simon 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f Ramaswami 2005, p. 8.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: पृष्ट Entry". Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ^ "SpokenSanskrit.de: आञ्जलि Entry". Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ^ Ramaswami 2005, p. 1.
- ^ a b c d Ramaswami 2005, p. 6.
- ^ a b Ramaswami 2005, p. 5.
- ^ Kaminoff 2007, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Coulter 2001, p. 102.
- ^ Ramaswami 2005, p. 7.
- ^ a b c Ramaswami 2005, p. 9.
External links
editSources
edit- Ramaswami, Srivatsa (2005). The Complete Book of Vinyasa Yoga. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-1-56924-402-9.
- Kaminoff, Leslie (2007). Yoga Anatomy. The Breath Trust. ISBN 978-0-7360-6278-7.
- Coulter, H. David (2001). Anatomy of Hatha Yoga. Body and Breath. ISBN 978-0-9707006-0-5.
- Fitz-Simon, Witold (2010). "Arm Variations: Pashchima Namaskarasana". Yoga Art and Science. Retrieved 2012-04-02.