In Hinduism, Hattanath (Bengali: হট্টনাথ hôṭṭônath; Devanagari: हट्टनाथ haṭṭanātha), who is also known as Hatkeshwar (Bengali: হাটকেশ্বর haṭkeśśôr; Devanagari: हाटकेश्वर hāṭkeśvara) or Bateshwar (Bengali: বটেশ্বর bôṭeśśôr; Devanagari: वटेश्वर vaṭeśvara), is the tutelary deity of the city of Sylhet (Śrīhaṭṭa) in present-day Bangladesh.[1] He is a form of Shiva.[2]
| Hattanath | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bateshwar |
| Region | Sylhet Division |
Origins and significance
editAccording to Partha Sarathi Nath, Sylhet and the Barak Valley were ruled by the Nātha dynasty of nearby Tripura between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, which promoted the early settlement of Nāthas and their cultural influence in this region. Among these influences is the patronage of Śrīhaṭṭanātha as the titular deity, from which the city of Sylhet (Śrīhaṭṭa) ultimately takes its name.[3] The Nāthas are considered to be the founders of the Śrīhaṭṭa janapada and were responsible for establishing Śrīhaṭṭanātha idols across the region. The ruins of a Śrīhaṭṭanātha temple are preserved in the headquarters of the Central Muslim Literary Society in Sylhet's Dargah Gate, near the hill of Mona Rai (Monarayer Tila). A Shiva temple known as Śrīhaṭṭanātha from the reign of Isana Deva has been discovered.[4] Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury mentions that the hill was formerly home to an akhara for Nātha Yogi Sannyasis.[5]
– A poem written by 18th-century poet Ganesh Ram Shiromani.[6]
Other researchers considered Sylhet's titular deity of Hattanath to have been introduced by the Nagar Brahmin who worshipped Hāṭkeśvara and its presence in Sylhet (Śrīhaṭṭa) is mentioned in the Mahalingarchana Tantra.[7] The Nagar Brahmins later settled down in Gujarat, which can be supposed from Padmanath Bhattacharya's analysis. Both Hattanath and its alias Hatkeshwar are considered to be idols of Shiva, and they can be found in various parts of the Sylhet District such as in Bhatera, Panchakhanda, Gotatikar and Chutkhal.[8]
In the 18th-century, Ganesh Ram Shiromani compiled a series of semi-legendary Bengali ballads which claim to detail the early history of Sylhet.[9] Though the book does not hold much authenticity, it is popularly known as the Panchali of Haṭṭanāth,[10] and mention of Sylhet's final Hindu king Gour Govinda worshipping Haṭṭanāth after returning to Sylhet can be found.[6] Govinda's predecessors were also known to have held convocations to worship Haṭṭanāth,[11] particularly a notable one was held in Brahmachal to rectify those who had deviated from the path of Haṭṭanāth.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Amrita Bazar Patrika, Feb. 1, 1931
- ^ Syiemlieh, David Reid; Dutta, Anuradha; Baruah, Srinath (2006). Challenges of Development in North-East India. Regency Publications. p. 280.
- ^ Chowdhury, Mujibur Rahman (31 July 2019). "গৌড়-বঙ্গে মুসলিম বিজয় এবং সুফি-সাধকদের কথা" [Muslim conquest in Gauḍa-Vaṅga and discussion about Sufi ascetics]. Sylheter Dak (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ Debnath, Prafulla Kumar (2012). দেশ বিদেশে নাথ তীর্থ, মঠ ও মন্দির (in Bengali). Dibrugarh, Assam: Shaivya Prakashani. p. 142.
- ^ Nath, Partha Sarathi (December 2021). Hussain, Akmal (ed.). "Nath Pantha Shrines and Perpetual Tradition in Bangladesh" (PDF). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 66. The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh: 209. ISSN 1015-6836.
- ^ a b Mahmud, Hasan (18 February 2019). আর হাতে রণতুর্য (in Bengali). Desher Potro. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ Baruah, Rai K. L. (1933). "Kamarupa of Bhaskaravarman". Early History of Kamarupa. Shillong: Don Bosco Industrial School Press. p. 88.
- ^ Nath, Partha Sarathi (1922). "The Nagara Brahmanas in eastern India". In Vasu, Nagendranath (ed.). Social History of Kamarupa. Vol. III. Calcutta: Bisvakosh Press. pp. 113–115.
- ^ Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1916]. Srihatter Itibritta: Uttorangsho (in Bengali). Kolkata: Kotha.
- ^ Aziz, Md. Abdul (1999). "Economic History of Sylhet: Ancient Period". In Ahmed, Sharif Uddin (ed.). Sylhet: History and Heritage. Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. pp. 388–389. ISBN 984-31-0478-1.
- ^ Lahiri, Dilip K. (1979). "Nomenclature of Sylhet: A Study". Shodhak. 8. Bhartiya Pragtisheel Shiksha Parishad: 91.
- ^ East Pakistan District Gazetteers: Sylhet. East Pakistan Government Press. 1970. pp. 52–54.