Hatula is an early Neolithic archeological site in the Judean hills south of Latrun, beside Nahshon Stream, in Israel, 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Jerusalem.[1] The site is 15 metres (49 ft) above the riverbed on a rocky slope in an alluvial valley. Excavations revealed three levels of occupation in the Natufian, Khiamian and PPNA (Sultanian).[2]
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  Shown within Israel | |
| Region | Israel |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 31°49′32″N 34°59′15″E / 31.825556°N 34.9875°E |
| Type | semi-circular dwelling |
| History | |
| Periods | PPNA |
| Cultures | Natufian, Khiamian |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1981-1990 |
| Archaeologists | Monique Lechevallier, Avraham Ronen |
| Condition | Ruins |
The site was excavated in eight seasons between 1981 and 1990 by Monique Lechevallier of the CNRS and Avraham Ronen from the University of Haifa. They unearthed a semi-circular dwelling with burial in the latest period. The site was suggested to have been a hunting station for flocks of gazelle.[2] Radiocarbon dates for the site suggest habitation between 10150 and 9320 BC by semi-sedentary groups.[2] Evidence suggested domesticated dogs were present at the site.[2][3] Study of the lithic industry suggested the Khiamian was an adaptation of the Natufian in the area. Evidence of an accomplished bone industry were found but no signs of any grinding tools, art objects or building materials in the earliest two levels indicating a short term settlement pattern.[2]
Archeaobotanical samples were taken from the Khiamian and Sultanian periods for phytolith analysis. This gave evidence of wheat at the site, along with an unidentified grass whose seeds were possibly a food source, both of which suggested that cereals may have been part of the Natufian economy in Hatula. Changes in morphology of cells from husks of the grasses suggest a larger seed content, possibly due to increased exploitation, in the Sultanian.[4]
References
edit- ^ Ronen, A. Lechevallier, M., The Natufian and Early Neolithic site Hatula, near Latrun, Israel, Quartär, 35/36, pp. 141-164, 24, 1985.
- ^ a b c d e Maisels, Charles Keith (2001). Early Civilizations of the Old World: The Formative Histories of Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, India and China. Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-10976-5.
- ^ Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Valla, François Raymond (1991). The Natufian culture in the Levant. International Monographs in Prehistory. p. 157. ISBN 1-879621-03-7.
- ^ Pearsall, Deborah M.; Piperno, Dolores R. (January 1993). Current Research in Phytolith Analysis. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-931707-02-2. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
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