General Hayrullah Fişek (1885–1975) was a career officer in the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army (Captain, Ottoman War Academy, 1904 - rtd. 1945, Major-General (Mirliva)[1] Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence).
Hayrullah Fişek | |
|---|---|
 Mirliva Hayrullah Pasha (11 November 1932) | |
| Turkish Army | |
| Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 3 June 1885 Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire (currently Tetovo, North Macedonia) |
| Died | 13 July 1975 (aged 90) Ankara, Turkey |
| Nationality | Ottoman, Turkish |
| Awards | Turkish Medal of Independence Order of the Medjidie |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire, Turkey |
| Rank | Major general |
| Battles/wars | First Balkan War Second Balkan War World War I Caucasus Campaign Battle of Sakarya |
Life
editHayrullah Fişek, born to an ethnic Albanian family in Kalkandelen (now Tetovo, North Macedonia), was a senior officer in the Ottoman Army. Hayrullah was given the name Fişek, meaning cartridge in Turkish. Hayrullah Fişek was a direct descendant of Süleyman Aga "Fişekçi" (born around 1775 in Kalkandelen), the founder of the Fişek family of Albanian descent.
His parents were Hafiz Süleyman Efendi (1849 Kalkandelen – 1894 Balıkesir), a Land Registry Officer and Fatma Hanko (1847 Kalkandelen –1930 Istanbul), Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi's daughter.[2] He was of Albanian descent.
Military career
editHe entered the Ottoman Military College in 1901. He completed the Military Academy as the seventh of the class in 1904 (1320-P.7) and joined the Ottoman military as an Infantry Second Lieutenant (Mülazım-ı Sani). In 1906, he entered the Staff College and he graduated as a Distinguished Captain (Mümtaz Yüzbaşı).[3]
During the Turkish Independence War, he participated in the Battle of Sakarya as the chief of staff of the Provisional Corps (Mürettep Kolordu)[4] and he served as the chief of staff of XIV Corps, Kocaeli Group, III Corps with the rank of staff lieutenant colonel.[5] He also participated in battle at Balıkesir, Soma and Bandırma. He retired in 1946.[6]
Family
editHe had one sister named Hatice (1873–1902) and 3 brothers : Abdülhâmit Bey (1866–1917), a Finance officer, Nuri Bey (1878–1945), and Zekeriya Bey (1880–1932), both officers of the Turkish Army.
Hayrullah married Mukaddes Fişek (1891–1958) and they had two sons: Nusret Fişek M.D. (1914–1990), Undersecretary, Ministry of Health and Hicri Fişek (1918–2002), Professor of International Law.
Photos
edit-
![Hayrullah, 1917 (31 years old)[7]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hayrullah_Fisek_1912.jpg/102px-Hayrullah_Fisek_1912.jpg)
Hayrullah, 1917 (31 years old)[7] -
Battle of Sakarya, 10 September 1921. Duatepe, Polatli, observation hill. Fevzi Çakmak, Kazım Özalp, Mustafa Kemal, İsmet İnönü and Hayrullah Fişek -
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk greeting General Hayrullah Fişek, Ankara Railway station, mid-1930s -
Hayrullah with his two sons Nusret Fişek and Hicri Fişek, Edirne, 1933 -
Hayrullah Pasha in 1935, Tekirdağ
![Hayrullah, 1917 (31 years old)[7]](/wiki/File:Hayrullah_Fisek_1912.jpg)
References
edit- ^ Mahmut Goloğlu, Cumhuriyete doğru, 1921-1922, Başnur Matbaası, p. 307. (in Turkish)
- ^ Nathalie Clayer (January 2007). Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation (in French). KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845868168. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı, Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı, İstanbul, 1968, p. 37. (in Turkish)
- ^ Sabahattin Özel, Kocaeli ve Sakarya İllerinde Millî Mücadele (1919-1922), Adapazarı Belediyesi, 1987, p. 165. (in Turkish)
- ^ "Kocatepe Zafer Yürüyüşü-Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe Üniversitesi". Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link), Afyon Kocatepe University - ^ Nusret Baycan, "Türk İstiklâl Harbinde Terfi veya Takdirname ile Taltif Edilen Subaylar", (Gnkur. ATASE Başkanlığı Arşivi, Dosya No. 2, 1320-P.3 : 1325-P.1587) p. 25. Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Fisek Family Web Site