He Xiwen (Chinese: 何喜文; pinyin: Hé Xǐwén; Wade–Giles: Ho Hsi-wen, died 1801), or Hà Hỷ Văn in Vietnamese, was a Chinese pirate throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s.
His early life was unknown. He joined the White Lotus in Sichuan Province, China. Later, he migrated to Fujian Province, where he joint a pirate band that belonged to Tiandihui.[1] His pirate fleet attacked the coast of Fujian and Guangdong. For reasons unknown he came to Southern Vietnam, perhaps because his fleet was attacked by Qing navy.[2] He was thought to be the same person Hé Qǐwén (何起文, Hà Khởi Văn), whom was a Chinese pirate mentioned in Veritable Records of Qing dynasty.[3][4]
In 1786, his fleet was in Pulo Condor. He came into contact with Nguyễn Ánh.[1] In the next year, Nguyễn Ánh came from Siam back to Southern Vietnam. When Ánh arrived in Ko Kut (Cổ Cốt), he swore allegiance to Nguyễn Ánh.[5] In return, he received the title tuần hải đô dinh (巡海都營).[6]
Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện stated that he had talent in naval battle. He died in 1801.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Eric Tagliacozzo, Helen F. Siu, Peter C. Perdue (2015). Asia inside out: connected places. Harvard University Press. pp. 50–53. ISBN 978-0-674-96768-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gia Định thời kỳ 1777 – 1802 (4)
- ^ Phạm Hoàng Quân. NHỮNG GHI CHÉP VỀ TÌNH HÌNH MẶT BIỂN QUẢNG ĐÔNG TRUNG HOA VÀ MẶT BIỂN ĐÔNG VIỆT NAM TRONG ĐẠI THANH THỰC LỤC ĐỐI CHIẾU ĐẠI NAM THỰC LỤC (in Vietnamese). p. 26.
- ^ "清实录·乾隆实录·卷之一千三百七十二" (in Chinese).
- ^ Việt Nam sử lược, quyển 2, Chương 12
- ^ a b "大南正編列傳初集 • Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện sơ tập (q.24-29)" (in Chinese).
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