Heber Blankenhorn (March 26, 1884 – January 1, 1956) was an American journalist, psychological warfare innovator, and union activist who served on the National Labor Relations Board.[1][2] and recognized decades later by the U.S. Army as both Distinguished Member of the PSYOP Regiment (DMOR) and original "Silver Knight" for his service during both world wars in the "Psychological Operations Regiment."[3]
Heber Blankenhorn | |
|---|---|
 Blankenhorn as a Colonel during WW2 | |
| Born | March 26, 1884 Orrville, OH |
| Died | January 1, 1956 (aged 71) Alexandria, VA |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1917-1919 A.E.F. 1942-1946 (U.S. Army) |
| Rank |  Colonel |
| Unit |  American Expeditionary Forces  Morale Operations Branch  Ninth U.S. Army |
| Battles / wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Legion of Merit (2) |
| Alma mater | College of Wooster Columbia University |
| Spouse(s) |
Mary Dewhurst (m. 1913)Ann Washington (m. 1936) |
Background
editHeber Holbrook Blankenhorn was born in Orrville, Ohio, on March 26, 1884. In 1905, he obtained a BA from the College of Wooster. In 1910, he received an MA in history from Columbia University.[1][2]
Career
editJournalism
editIn 1910, Blankenhorn joined the staff of the New York Evening Sun. By 1914, he had become assistant city editor. He followed labor issues, unions, and strikes.[1][2]
He served as a propaganda expert in France during World War I.[1][2]
Labor activist
editIn 1919, he became co-director of the Bureau of Industrial Research. He worked directly with the Interchurch World Movement and, through it, the Steel Strike of 1919. In 1921, he also served as acting publicity director for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union, where he helped establish the New York Leader.[1][2]
By the early 1920s the Socialist Party was in severe membership decline and funding of the New York Call became correspondingly tenuous. In a last-ditch effort to save the paper, it was reorganized in the fall of 1923 to include non-Socialists in its management.[4] On October 1, 1923, the name of the paper was formally changed to the New York Leader as a reflection of this new orientation. Pacifist minister Norman Thomas, formerly of The World Tomorrow, was named as editor of the publication.[4] Heber Blankenhorn became managing editor, Evans Clark business manager, and Ed Sullivan sportswriter.[5] This effort to stabilize the daily newspaper's funding was unsuccessful, however, and the New York Leader was terminated just six weeks later.[4]
From 1921 to 1924, he wrote two books on steel unions and contributed to labor journals. In 1924, he joined the staff of Labor magazine.[1][2]
Federal service
editIn 1935, he accepted a position on the public relations staff for the National Recovery Act. He became an assistant to Senator Robert F. Wagner and helped pass the National Labor Relations Act. He went on to serve as industrial economist to chairmen of the National Labor Relations Board and the La Follette Committee for its hearings on the Ford Motor Company.[1][2]
He returned to service for the U.S. Army during World War II (1942–1946) on a psychological warfare team and reached the rank of colonel.[1]
In 1946, he returned to service on the National Labor Relations Board and resigned in 1947.[1][2]
Return to federal service
editIn 1949, he directed a UAW investigation into attempted assassinations of Victor and Walter Reuther.[1][2]
Return to journalism
editIn the 1950s, he returned to journalism, based in Europe on staff to Labor magazine, then retired to Alexandria, Virginia, to write his memoirs.[1]
Personal life and death
editIn 1936, Blankenhorn married Ann Washington.[1][2]
He died on January 1, 1956, at home in Alexandria, Virginia.[1]
Awards
editBlankenhorn received the Legion of Merit for service during World War II.[1][2]
In 2014, he received posthumous recognition as a Distinguished Member of the PSYOP Regiment (DMOR).[3]
In 2015, he received posthumous recognition from U.S. Army's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School as the "original Silver Knight" of the PSYOP Regiment.[3]
Legacy: Psychological Warfare
editBlankenhorn served as captain of the Psychologic Subsection (a.k.a. "Propaganda Subsection") (February–July 1918) in Military Intelligence Branch and then Propaganda Section (August–November 1918) during World War I. They had no directions or instructions. He led by improvisation 28 men to produce three million copies of 21 separate leaflets. He returned for similar service during World War II.[3]
Works
editBooks: Blankenhorn had not finished memoirs at his death in 1956:[1][2]
- Adventures in Propaganda (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1919)
- The Strike for Union New York, 1923
Articles:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "The Hebert Blankenhorn Collection" (PDF). Wayne State University. April 1971. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Blankenhorn, Heber, 1884-1956". Social Networks and Archival Index. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d "The PSYOP Regiment's Silver Knight" (PDF). Special Operations Command. April 1971. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ a b c Feigenbaum, William M. (11 February 1933). "New Leader Faces Its Tenth Year". The New Leader. New York, NY: American Labor Conference on International Affairs: 3.
- ^ Samson, Gloria Garrett (1996). The American Fund for Public Service: Charles Garland and Radical Philanthropy, 1922-1941. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 105. ISBN 9780313298738. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ Blankenhorn, Heber (16 March 1918). "Newspapers in Wartime". The Public.
- ^ Blankenhorn, Heber (14 September 1921). "Marching Through West Virginia". The Nation.
- ^ Blankenhorn, Heber (13 May 1922). "After West Virginia - Somerset". The Survey.
- ^ Blankenhorn, Heber (January 1937). "Industrial Munitions: Report on Labor Policing Equipment in Industrial Plants". Labor.
Sources
edit- "The Heber Blankenhorn Collection" (PDF). Wayne State University. April 1971. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- Gall, Gilbert J. (August 2007). "Heber Blankenhorn: The Publicist as Reformer". Historian.
- Gall, Gilbert J. (3 July 2008). "Heber Blankenhorn, the La Follette committee, and the Irony of Industrial Repression". Labor History. pp. 246–253.
- Harper's Magazine
- Social Networks and Archival Index