Heinrich Friedrich Albert (12 February 1874 – 1 November 1960) was a German civil servant, diplomat, politician, businessman and lawyer who served as minister for reconstruction and the Treasury in the government of Wilhelm Cuno in 1922/1923. During his tenure as commercial attaché to the German embassy to the U.S. in 1914-17, he was suspected of engaging in espionage and sabotage.
Heinrich Albert | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reich Minister for Reconstruction | |
| In office 29 March 1923 – 12 August 1923 | |
| Chancellor | Wilhelm Cuno |
| Preceded by | Walther Rathenau |
| Succeeded by | Robert Schmidt |
| Reich Minister of the Treasury | |
| In office 22 November 1922 – 1 April 1923 | |
| Chancellor | Wilhelm Cuno |
| Preceded by | Gustav Bauer |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Chief of the Reich Chancellery | |
| In office 3 March 1919 – 24 May 1921 | |
| Chancellor | Philipp Scheidemann Gustav Bauer Hermann Müller Constantin Fehrenbach Joseph Wirth |
| Preceded by | Curt Baake |
| Succeeded by | Arnold Brecht (acting) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 February 1874 Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 1 November 1960 (aged 86) Wiesbaden, West Germany |
| Political party | Independent |
| Profession | Lawyer, industrialist, diplomat, politician |
Life and career
editHeinrich (Friedrich) Albert was born on 12 February 1874 at Magdeburg in what was then the Prussian Province of Saxony (now Saxony-Anhalt), Germany.[1] His father was a merchant.[2]
Albert studied law and in 1895 became Referendar at Magdeburg. In 1901, he was made Assessor and then Hilfsrichter (assistant judge). In 1904, Albert joined the Reichsamt des Inneren, the German Empire's interior ministry. He was Attaché des Reichskommissars for the World's Fair at St. Louis. In 1908, he took over the same position for the fair at Brussels in 1910.[1] Albert was promoted to Regierungsrat in 1905 and Geheimer Regierungsrat in 1908.[3]
From 1914-17, Albert was Handelsattaché (commercial attaché) at the German embassy at Washington D.C. and later in charge of administering the property of enemy aliens in Germany.[1]
In 1918 or 19, Albert was president of the Reichsamt zur Verwertung der nach der Demobilisierung freigewordenen Heeresgüter (national bureau for the use of army property made available by demobilisation).[1]
In March 1919, he became Unterstaatssekretär and Chief of the Reich Chancellery, the head clerk of the German chancellor. In 1920, he became Staatssekretär. He held that position until 1921, when he was furloughed and began working as a lawyer at the Landgericht I at Berlin.[1][2][3]
In November 1922, Wilhelm Cuno made him Reichsschatzminister (head of the Treasury) in his cabinet. As of 1 April 1923, the Reichsschatzministerium was merged with the Reichsfinanzministerium (Ministry of Finance). In late March 1923, Albert became Reichsminister für Wiederaufbau (minister for reconstruction). He remained in that office until the cabinet's resignation in August 1923.[1]
On 25 November 1923, after the resignation of the second cabinet of Gustav Stresemann, president Friedrich Ebert asked Albert to form a new government. However, this attempt failed due to the opposition of the parties to support the independent Albert as chancellor.[4]
Albert then opened his own law firm in 1924. He specialized in commercial law in relation to the U.S. In 1932, he became general director of the Norddeutscher Lloyd, a shipping line, a position which he held until 1933. From 1937 to 1945, Albert was chairman of the supervisory board at the German subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company. He was also member of the supervisory board at Deutsch-Atlantische Telegraphengesellschaft.[5]
Alleged espionage activity during World War I
editAs commercial attaché to the U.S. during the early years of World War I, Albert was suspected of having engaged in illegal activities (i.e. not consistent with his diplomatic status) to weaken the U.S. and further the interests of Germany. According to a 1923 article in the tabloid New York Evening Post, Albert had spent 30 million dollars on pro-German propaganda and "was involved in schemes involving the destruction of property, agitation for strikes, German propaganda and the flotation of German financial schemes".[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Albert, Heinrich (Friedrich)(German)". Bundesarchiv. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Geheimrat Albert - Chef der Reichskanzlei", Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (in German), 8 March 1919
- ^ a b "Reichsschatzminister Heinrich F. Albert", Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (in German), 24 November 1922
- ^ "Die Bildung des ersten Kabinetts Marx(German)". Bundesarchiv. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ James, Harold, ed. (2012). Georg Solmssen - ein deutscher Bankier: Briefe aus einem halben Jahrhundert 1900-1956 (German). C.H. Beck. pp. Personenverzeichnis.
- ^ "Brief case loss tripped Albert", New York Evening Post, 26 November 1923
- ^ Records of Heinrich Friedrich Albert, 1914 - 1919. Record Group 65: Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1896 - 2008. National Archives. Retrieved 14 January 2015.