Heinrich Gräfe

Heinrich Gräfe or Graefe (3 March 1802 – 22 July 1868) was a German educator.

Biography

Gräfe was born on 3 March 1802 at Buttstädt in Saxe-Weimar. He studied mathematics and theology at Jena, and in 1823 obtained a curacy in the town church of Weimar. He was transferred to Jena as rector of the town school in 1825; in 1840 he was also appointed extraordinary professor of the science of education (Pädagogik) in that university; and in 1842 he became head of the Burgersckule (middle class school) in Kassel.^[1]

After reorganizing the schools of the town, he became director of the new Realschule in 1843; and, devoting himself to the interests of educational reform in the Electorate of Hesse, he became in 1849 a member of the school commission, and also entered the house of representatives, where he made himself somewhat formidable as an agitator.^[1]

In 1852, for having been implicated in the September riots and in the movement against the unpopular minister Hassenpflug, who had dissolved the school commission, he was condemned to three years imprisonment, a sentence afterwards reduced to one of twelve months.^[1] On his release he withdrew to Geneva, where he engaged at the International Boarding School La Châtelaine (owner and director Achilles Roediger)^[2] until 1855, when he was appointed director of the Realschule in der Altstadt at Bremen until his death on 21 July 1868. His successor was Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau.^{[citation needed]}

Besides being the author of many text-books and occasional papers on educational subjects, he wrote Des Rechisverhaltnis der Volksschule von innen und aussen (1829); Die Schulreform (1834); Schule fend Unterricht (1839); Allgemeine Pädagogik (1845); Die deutsche Volksschule (1847). Together with Naumann, he also edited the Archiv für das praktische Volksschulwesen (1828-1835).^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Grafe, Heinrich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 315.
^ Heinemann, Manfred; Schütze, Sylvia (2014-04-02). Briefe, amtliche Schreiben und Lebensdokumente aus den Jahren 1832 bis 1847 (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-05-009355-0.

[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Grafe, Heinrich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 315.

[2] Heinemann, Manfred; Schütze, Sylvia (2014-04-02). Briefe, amtliche Schreiben und Lebensdokumente aus den Jahren 1832 bis 1847 (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-05-009355-0.

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