Helanthium tenellum, the pygmy chain sword, is a species of plants in the Alismataceae. It is native to the eastern United States (from Texas to Florida, north to Michigan and Massachusetts), southern Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz), West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola), Central America, South America (from Guyana to Argentina)[1][2]
| Helanthium tenellum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Alismataceae |
| Genus: | Helanthium |
| Species: | H. tenellum
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| Binomial name | |
| Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm.
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editThe leaves of H. tenellum are narrowly elliptical or lanceolate. At different times during the plant's life cycle, the blade of the leaf is scarcely distinguishable from the petiole, while at other times the petiole is 10 to 15 times as long as the blade, which may be 1–4 cm long and 0.2–1 cm wide, with a pointed tip. The base is decurrent to the petiole and has between one and three veins.
The stem is thin, erect, often curved, and may be 3–20 cm long. In small plants, the stem ends in a single inflorescence (umbel or coil); in larger plants the inflorescence is racemose, composed of two whorls placed one above the other. Bracts are free and 2–6 mm long in the first whorl. Pedicels are 1–3.5 cm long. Sepals are 3 mm long, membraneous, and usually have five fine ribs. During ripening, the sepals enlarge and reach a length of up to 6 mm and fully cover the aggregate fruit. A specimen may have six to nine stamens, each about 1 mm long. Anthers are 0.25 mm wide by 2.25 mm long, which is three times shorter than the filaments. It may have sixteen to eighteen pistils. The achenes are compressed, and arched in the apical part; they are (0.9) – 1.1 – (1.3) mm long, and black, with three lateral ribs. The basis of the stylar beak is under the level of the tip of the nutlet and may be 0.1–0.3 mm long.[3][4]
It propagates by sending out runners and will also flower when grown emersed.[5]
Conservation status in the United States
editIt is endangered in Connecticut,[6] Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan.[7]
In the aquarium
editHelanthium tenellum is a common aquarium plant with a large variation in shapes and sizes kept by people for their aesthetic appeal. Its care is undemanding and it can adapt to a large range of conditions.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
- ^ Biota of North America Program Image
- ^ Buchenau, Franz Georg Philipp. 1868. Index Criticus Butomacearum, Alismacearum, Juncaginacearum 21.
- ^ Lord, Britton, Nathaniel (1905-01-01). "Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada /".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Jacobson, Drinda. "Helanthium tenellum". www.tfhmagazine.com. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 11 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
- ^ "Plants Profile for Echinodorus tenellus (mudbabies)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
External links
edit- Photo of herbarium specimen collected in Missouri in 1845, Helanthium tenellum
- Flora of North America, Echinodorus tenellus
- US Department of Agriculture plant profile, Echinodorus tenellus
- Mary-Ann Lambert, Natura, Les Plantes aquatiques, Echinodorus tenellus Archived 2006-11-27 at the Wayback Machine
- Flora of Missouri, Echinodorus tenellus
- AquaHobby, The Age of Aquariums, Echinodorus tenellus Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- Krib discussions