Helochares is a genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, represented by 161 described species. It is distributed across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Nearctic, and Palearctic realms. [1]
Helochares | |
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Helochares lividus | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Family: | Hydrophilidae |
Subfamily: | Hydrophilinae |
Tribe: | Hydrophilini |
Genus: | Helochares Mulsant, 1844 |
Diversity | |
158 species + 3 subspecies | |
Synonyms | |
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Taxonomy
editHelochares is one of the largest and most taxonomically problematic genera within the Acidocerinae. It was originally described by Étienne Mulsant in 1844. [2]
For a long time Helochares contained five subgenera: Batochares (currently recognized as a separate genus [3]), Helochares, Helocharimorphus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), Hydrobaticus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), and Sindolus (currently recognized as a separate genus [3]).
Several taxa that used to be recognized as typical Helochares are now assigned to newly created genera (e.g., Colossochares, Novochares) or re-assigned to exinsting genera (i.e., Peltochares), based on a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data. [3]
Description
editAs currently defined, Helochares contains small to medium-sized beetles (2–7 mm), which are yellowish to brown in coloration. There is a lot of variation in the impression of the elytral punctation, and the aedeagal forms are also highly variable (see Figure 37 in Girón and Short 2021).[1] A detailed diagnosis can be found in Girón and Short 2021. [1]
Species
edit- Helochares aeacus Balfour-Browne, 1952 [4]
- Helochares aethiopicus d'Orchymont, 1939 [5]
- Helochares alberti d'Orchymont, 1943 [6]
- Helochares alcimus d'Orchymont, 1943 [7]
- Helochares alcinous Balfour-Browne, 1948 [8]
- Helochares altus d'Orchymont, 1943 [9]
- Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890 [10]
- Helochares ancoroides Hebauer, 2001 [11]
- Helochares anchoralis expansus Knisch, 1921
- Helochares andreinii d'Orchymont, 1939 [12]
- Helochares androgynus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares anthonyae Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares balfourbrownei Hansen, 1999 [15]
- Helochares basilewskyi Balfour-Browne, 1957 [16]
- Helochares bilardoi Hebauer, 2009 [17]
- Helochares blaesus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares bohemani d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares camerunensis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares cancellatus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
- Helochares championi Sharp, 1882 [19]
- Helochares chappuisi Balfour-Browne, 1952 [20]
- Helochares clypeatus (Blackburn, 1891)
- Helochares collarti d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares compactus Hebauer, 2001 [11]
- Helochares conformis Hebauer, 1995 [21]
- Helochares congoensis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares congruens d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares conjectus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crenatostriatus Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares crenatuloides d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares crenatus Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares crepitus Balfour-Browne, 1950 [22]
- Helochares cresphontes d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crespulus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crispus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares dalhuntyi Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares densepunctus Régimbart, 1907
- Helochares densus Sharp, 1890 [10]
- Helochares dentalus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares denudatus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares depactus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares diductus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares didymoides Balfour-Browne, 1947
- Helochares didymus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares difficilis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares dilutus (Erichson, 1843)
- Helochares dilutus consputus Boheman, 1851 [23]
- Helochares dimorphus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares distinctus Jia & Tang, 2021 [24]
- Helochares dollmani Balfour-Browne, 1950
- Helochares dolus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares egregius Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares endroedyi Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares fratris Hebauer, 2003 [25]
- Helochares fulgurans Hebauer, 1995 [26]
- Helochares fuliginosus d'Orchymont, 1932 [27]
- Helochares goticus Hebauer, 1996
- Helochares guoi Yang & Jia, 2021 [24]
- Helochares hainanensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
- Helochares hiekei Hebauer, 1995 [26]
- Helochares insolitus d'Orchymont, 1925
- Helochares interjectus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
- Helochares iteratus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares itylus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares ivani Hebauer, 1996
- Helochares kerstinneumanni Hebauer, 2009 [17]
- Helochares knischi d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares laevis Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
- Helochares lamprus d'Orchymont, 1940
- Helochares lentus Sharp, 1890 [10]
- Helochares lepidus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares leptinus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares letus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares livianus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares lividoides Hansen and Hebauer, 1988 [30]
- Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771)
- Helochares lobatus d'Orchymont, 1948
- Helochares lollius d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares loticus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
- Helochares loweryae Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares luridus (MacLeay, 1871)
- Helochares lutulentus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares maculatus Hebauer, 1988 [31]
- Helochares maculicollis Mulsant, 1844 [2]
- Helochares madli Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares marreensis Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares mecarus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares mediastinus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares melanophthalmus (Mulsant, 1844) [2]
- Helochares mendosus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares mentinotus Kuwert, 1888
- Helochares menulus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares meracus Balfour-Browne, 1950
- Helochares mersus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares minax d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares minor d'Orchymont, 1925
- Helochares minusculus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares namcatensis Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares nebridius d'Orchymont, 1940
- Helochares negatus Hebauer, 1995
- Helochares neglectus (Hope, 1845)
- Helochares nexus Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
- Helochares nigrifrons Brancsik, 1893
- Helochares nigripalpis Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [33]
- Helochares nigritulus Kuwert, 1889
- Helochares nigroseriatus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
- Helochares niobelus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares nipponicus Hebauer, 1995 [26]
- Helochares normatus (LeConte, 1861)
- Helochares notaticollis Régimbart, 1906
- Helochares notaticollis curtus Régimbart, 1906
- Helochares obliquus Mart, İncekara and Karaca, 2010 [34]
- Helochares obscurus (Müller, 1776)
- Helochares opacus Hebauer, 2009 [17]
- Helochares pallens (MacLeay, 1825)
- Helochares parallelus Hebauer, 1999 [35]
- Helochares percyi Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares perminutus Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares phallicus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares politus Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
- Helochares punctatus Sharp, 1869 [36]
- Helochares rugipennis Balfour-Browne, 1958
- Helochares salvazai d'Orchymont, 1919
- Helochares sauteri d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares schoedli Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares schwendingeri Hebauer, 1995 [26]
- Helochares scitulus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares sechellensis Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares serpentinus Hebauer, 1998 [18]
- Helochares sharpi (Kuwert, 1890) [37]
- Helochares silvester Hebauer, 2009 [17]
- Helochares simulator Knisch, 1922
- Helochares skalei Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares songi Jia and Tang, 2018
- Helochares steffani Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares stenius d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares striatus (Boheman, 1851) [23]
- Helochares strictus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares strigellus Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares structus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares sublineatus Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares subseriatus Hebauer, 2009 [17]
- Helochares subtilis d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares sufflavus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares sylvaticus Balfour-Browne, 1957
- Helochares tamsi Balfour-Browne, 1947
- Helochares tatei (Blackburn, 1896)
- Helochares tengchongensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
- Helochares tenuistriatus Régimbart, 1908
- Helochares tertius Hebauer, 1996 [13]
- Helochares thurmerae Watts, 1995 [14]
- Helochares tristis (MacLeay, 1871)
- Helochares trujillo Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
- Helochares uenoi Matsui, 1995 [38]
- Helochares uhligi Hebauer, 1999 [35]
- Helochares vitalisi d'Orchymont, 1919
- Helochares wagneri Hebauer, 2002 [32]
- Helochares wattsi Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [33]
- Helochares wuzhifengensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [28]
- Helochares yangae Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999 [39]
- Helochares zamora Short and Girón, 2018 [29]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Girón, Jennifer C.; Short, Andrew Edward Z. (2021-06-18). "The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species". ZooKeys (1045): 1–236. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8233300. PMID 34228772.
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- ^ a b c Short, Andrew Edward Z.; Girón, Jennifer C.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (2021). "Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America". Systematic Entomology. 46 (2): 380–395. doi:10.1111/syen.12467. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 232264478.
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- ^ Matsui, E. (1995). "A new species of the genus Helochares (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Hydrobaticus". Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology. 4: 317–322.
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