Central Plains Mandarin

Central Plains Mandarin
Central Plains Mandarin
中原官话; Zhongyuan Guanhua
Region	Yellow River Plain
Native speakers	(170 million cited 1982)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Central Plains Mandarin; ; ; ;
Writing system	Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	zgyu
Linguist List	cmn-zho
Glottolog	huab1238 Central Plain Guanhua; zhon1236 Zhongyuan
Linguasphere	79-AAA-bf
	[image reference needed]

Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.^[2]

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").

Subdialects

The distribution of core Central Plains Mandarin

An example of a spoken discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by Gao Yaojie, a Chinese HIV doctor from Cao County, Shandong.

An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by He Quangui, a Chinese gold miner from Xunyang County, Shaanxi. Note that in most varieties of Chinese, the written discourse is largely the equivalent of reading a text of Standard Beijing Mandarin in a non-Beijing phonology.

An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by a native of Tanghe County, Henan.

Zheng-Kai (郑开) region: e.g. Kaifeng (开封) dialect, Zhengzhou (郑州) dialect
Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛阳话)
Nan-Lu (南阳) region: e.g. Nanyang (南阳) dialect
Luo-Xiang (漯项) region: e.g. Zhumadian (驻马店) dialect
Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商丘) dialect, Fuyang (阜阳) dialect
Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信阳) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect
Yan-He (兖菏) region: e.g. Jining (济宁) dialect
Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐州话)
Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (临汾) dialect, Wanrong (万荣) dialect
Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (西安) dialect
Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. Xining (西宁) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (天水) dialect, Dingxi (定西) dialect^[3]
Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘沟话) (influenced by Monguor)
Nanjiang (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect
- Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia

Phonology

In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.

[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].^[4]

	布	跛	坡	朴
Middle Chinese Initial	[p]	[p]	[pʰ]	[pʰ]
Pinyin	bù	bǒ	pō	pǔ
Standard Mandarin	[pû]	[pwò]	[pʰwó]	[pʰù]
Central Plains Mandarin	[p͜fu]	[p͜fo]	[p͜fʰo]	[p͜fʰu]

Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].

	猪	初	书	熟
Middle Chinese Initial	[ʈ]	[t͡ʃʰ]	[ɕ]	[ʑ]
Pinyin	zhū	chū	shū	shú
Standard Mandarin	[ʈʂú]	[ʈʂʰú]	[ʂú]	[ʂǔ]
Central Plains Mandarin	[p͜fu]	[p͜fu]	[fu]	[fu]

References

Citations

^ Gu 2009, p. 214.
^ Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.
^ Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". In Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1304. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.
^ Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.

Sources

Chappell, Hilary (2002), "The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese", in Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.), Meaning and Universal Grammar, Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. v. 60, Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, ISBN 1588112659, ISSN 0165-7763, OCLC 752499720, retrieved 17 November 2014
Gu, Yueguo (2009) [2006], "Chinese", in Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World (1^st ed.), Oxford, England: Elsevier, ISBN 9780080877747, OCLC 264358379, retrieved 17 November 2014
Chirkova, Ekaterina (2008), "Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond" (PDF), Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale (37), Paris: Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale: 3–42, ISSN 0153-3320, OCLC 793454655, retrieved 20 November 2014

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[FOOTNOTEGu2009214-1] Gu 2009, p. 214.

[FOOTNOTEChappell2002244Gu2009214Chirkova2008-2] Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.

[3] Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". In Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1304. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.

[4] Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.

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