Henry Carroll (c. 1792 – February 29, 1820) was an American lawyer and who served as secretary to Congressman Henry Clay and as a member of the Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission.[1]
Henry Carroll | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | c. 1792 |
| Died | February 29, 1820 (aged 27-28) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | Delivering the Treaty of Ghent to President James Madison |
| Notable work |
|
Early and family life
editBorn around 1792 in Maryland,[2] Henry Carroll was the eldest of eight children of Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767–1823) and his wife, the former Ann Sprigg (1769–1837). The Carroll family was one of the most powerful in Maryland, descended from Charles Carroll the Settler (1660–1720), the great-grandfather of Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773), this man's grandfather. Although his great grandfather, Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734) owned the land that eventually became Capitol Hill in the District of Columbia,[3][4] by this time the family operated plantations near Hagerstown in Washington County, Maryland. His brother Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865) would become a prominent politician in New York, and U.S. Congressman.[5][6] Another brother, William Thomas Carroll (1831–1863) served as the 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court, and their sister Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866) married Henry Fitzhugh who also became a politician in New York.
Other early distinguished members of the Carroll family were descended from Charles the settler's elder son, Charles Carroll of Annapolis, including Charles Carroll the Barrister, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton who signed the Declaration of Independence for the Colony of Maryland in 1776.
Carroll of Bellevue and Dumbarton House
editIn 1814, Charles Carroll of Bellevue was proprietor of the Dumbarton House which offered a contingency plan for Dolley Madison during the August 23, 1814, flight from the White House prior to the onslaught of the British Army redcoats and the Burning of Washington.[7][8]
Diplomatic service and Treaty of Ghent
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From August 1814 to December 24, 1814, Henry Carroll accompanied a peace commission from the United States to Ghent, Belgium for negotiations concerning the Treaty of Ghent seeking a cessation to the War of 1812.[9][10] Henry was appointed courier for the delivery of the peace treaty to James Madison for ratification by the United States government. On January 2, 1815, Anthony St. John Baker and Henry Carroll embarked the British sloop ship HMS Favorite in London sailing under a flag of truce to the United States with a distant anchoring at Sandy Hook peninsula on February 11, 1815. After his arrival in Lower New York Bay, Henry boarded a post chaise granting an arrival in Washington City on February 14, 1815. The treaty was delivered to President Madison at a temporary Executive Mansion better known as The Octagon House.[11][12] President Madison presented the Treaty of Ghent to the United States Senate on February 16, 1815, where the peace treaty was unanimously approved ending British impressment and the War of 1812.[13]
Killing of Henry Carroll
editIn 1820, Henry Carroll resided in the Missouri Territory near Franklin, Missouri, serving as a federal registrar of public lands for the organized territory concurrently to the Missouri Compromise.[14] Henry Carroll had a dispute with Richard Gentry concerning his governance of land patents and territorial revenue, which led to Gentry shooting and killing Carroll on February 29, 1820.[15]
See also
edit| Jacob Barker | Paul Jennings |
| Burning of Washington | Lansdowne portrait |
| Chesapeake Bay Flotilla | Josiah Meigs |
| Flotilla Service Act of 1814 | Jean Pierre Sioussat |
American Peace Treaty Commission at Ghent, United Netherlands
| John Quincy Adams | Albert Gallatin |
| James A. Bayard, Sr. | Christopher Hughes |
| Henry Clay | Jonathan Russell |
Grievances and Origins of the War of 1812
| Colonial Loyalist | Non-Intercourse Act (1809) |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States |
| Hartford Convention | Origins of the War of 1812 |
References
edit- ^ "Treaty of Ghent (1814)". National Archives Milestone Documents. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
- ^ Allen, Debra J. (13 September 2012). Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Revolution to Secession. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8108-6186-2. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Duddington Mansion, Carroll Residence, F and 2nd Sts. S.E., Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. Washington D.C, ca. 1880". Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division ~ Photo, Print, Drawing. United States Library of Congress.
- ^ "Lost Capitol Hill: Duddington". The Hill is Home.
- ^ "Charles Carroll (of Bellevue) Papers". River Campus Libraries ~ Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation. University of Rochester.
- ^ McNamara, Robert F.; Barnes, Joseph W. (October 1980). "Charles Carroll of Bellevue Co-Founder of Rochester" (PDF). Rochester History. XLII (4). Rochester Public Library.
- ^ "Dolley Madison ~ A First Lady Flees to the Sanctuary of Dumbarton House". DumbartonHouse.org. The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America.
- ^ "Flight of the Madisons". WhitehouseHistory.org. White House Historical Association.
- ^ "Treaty of Peace and Amity, Between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America" (PDF). Treaty 29 ~ 8 Stat. 218. United States Printing Office. 24 December 1814. pp. 218–223.
- ^ "Signatures, Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814". Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Washington, D.C.: United States Library of Congress. LCCN 2016870852.
- ^ Updyke, Frank Arthur (1915). "The Diplomacy of the War of 1812" [Chapter IX - Ratification and Reception of the Treaty]. Google Books. Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 358–398. OCLC 8138622.
- ^ Updyke, Frank Arthur (1915). "The Diplomacy of the War of 1812" [Chapter IX - Ratification and Reception of the Treaty]. Internet Archive. Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 358–398. OCLC 8138622.
- ^ "The Senate Approves for Ratification the Treaty of Ghent". Art & History ~ Powers and Procedures ~ Treaties. United States Senate. 16 February 1815.
- ^ "Letter of February 1820 from Charles Carroll to Josiah Meigs" [Territorial Papers - Louisiana-Missouri Territory 1815-1821, Volume XV]. HathiTrust.org. U.S. National Archives & Records Service. 24 February 1820. pp. 591–593.
- ^ "Letter of March 1820 from Charles Carroll to Josiah Meigs" [Territorial Papers - Louisiana-Missouri Territory 1815-1821, Volume XV]. HathiTrust.org. U.S. National Archives & Records Service. 11 March 1820. p. 594.
Presidential letters of Henry Carroll
edit- Carroll, Henry (5 March 1818). "Henry Carroll to James Madison, March 5, 1818". The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress. United States Library of Congress.
- Carroll, Henry (5 March 1818). "To James Madison from Henry Carroll, 5 March 1818". National Archives Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
- Madison, James (11 March 1818). "James Madison to Henry Carroll, March 11, 1818". The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress. United States Library of Congress.
- Madison, James (11 March 1818). "From James Madison to Henry Carroll, 11 March 1818". National Archives Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Bibliography
edit- Pieczynski, Christopher (11 February 2015). "Rediscovering the Treaty of Ghent" [A Paper Presented to the Norfolk Historical Society]. Academia.edu.
- King, Quentin Scott (2014). Henry Clay and the War of 1812. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-1476613901. OCLC 883896030.
- Hickey, Donald R. (2012). The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (Bicentennial ed.). University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252078378. OCLC 794968648.
- White, Patrick C.T. (1965). "A Nation on Trial: America and the War of 1812". Internet Archive. John Wiley & Sons. OCLC 504120451.
- "Letters Relating to the Negotiations at Ghent, 1812-1814". Internet Archive. American Historical Review. October 1914.
- 63rd U.S. Congress (5 December 1913). "Celebration of the Treaty of Ghent ~ H.R. 9302". Internet Archive. U.S. Government Printing Office.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Lossing, Benson John (1869). "The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812". Google Books. Harper & Brothers. OCLC 951294.
- Lossing, Benson John (1869). "The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812". Internet Archive. Harper & Brothers. OCLC 951294.
- Goodrich, Charles A.; Augustus, Charles (1833). "A History of the United States of America: From the Discovery of the Continent by Christopher Columbus, to the Present Time" [Period X - Madison’s Administration]. Internet Archive. H.F. Sumner & Co. pp. 398–467.
- Lowell, John (1812). "Mr. Madison's War: A Dispassionate Inquiry into the Reasons Alleged by Mr. Madison for Declaring an Offensive and Ruinous War against Great-Britain". Internet Archive. Russell & Cutler.
External links
edit
Media related to Treaty of Ghent at Wikimedia Commons- Graves, Leroy; Porter, Heather; Howlett, F. Carey. "The Ghent Treaty Box" [Retreating the Treaty Box: Dealing with Deteriorated Materials and Aged Acrylic Consolidant in an Historic Document Box] (PDF). Wooden Artifacts Group of the American Institute for Conservation.
- Homren, Wayne. "The Treaty of Ghent Medals". CoinBooks.org. The Numismatic Bibliomania Society (NBS).
- "Treaty of Ghent ~ Henry Carroll Papers". Heritage Auctions.
- "America Under Fire: Aftermath" [Finale of War of 1812 ~ Colonial America Second Revolutionary War with Great Britain]. WhitehouseHistory.org. White House Historical Association.
- Fleming, Thomas (March 2010). "When Dolley Madison Took Command of the White House". Smithsonian Magazine.
