Henry Graves Bull (15 January 1818, Northamptonshire – 31 October 1885, Hereford)[1] was a British medical doctor, botanist, mycologist, naturalist, historian, and one of the early presidents of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club.[2] He is noteworthy as a mycologist, pomologist,[3] and the co-editor with Robert Hogg of the 2-volume work The Herefordshire Pomona,[1] published in 7 parts from 1876 to 1885.[4] The 2 volumes contain full descriptions of 423 varieties of apples and pears.[5][6]
Biography
editBull began his medical career in 1834 at Northampton General Infirmary. He pursued medical studies at Edinburgh, spent a year at the medical school schools of Paris, and then completed his M.D. at Edinburgh. There he won two gold medals for his medical essays and received Sir Charles Bell's prize for surgery.[2] In 1841 he settled in Hereford to practise medicine. He lived in Harley House near Hereford Cathedral.[7] He practised medicine at Hereford Dispensary from 1842 until the week before his death. He was appointed to the staff of the General Infirmary in 1864. He had a large practice and gave advice free of charge to many indigent patients. From 1846 to 1880 he served as Medical Officer to the Hereford Prison.[2]
In 1851 Bull was one of the thirty founders of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club.[8] In 1867 he established the club's fungus forays.[1] He was for many years the editor-in-chief of the Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club.[8]
In the 1840s he was among the first medical doctors in England to use diethyl ether as an anaesthetic.[3] He observed the causal role of contaminated water in cholera.[9]
In 1854 Dr. Bull married Elizabeth Read in St Giles, London. By 1871 they had four sons and four daughters. In Hereford he was very civic-minded and improved Herefordshire's facilities of health and education.[7] Upon his death in 1885 at age 67, he was survived by his widow, two sons, and four daughters.[2]
His house in Hereford displays an English Heritage blue plaque. A memorial tablet in Hereford Cathedral records his life and work.[9]
The National Museum of Wales has Bull's botanical and mycological specimens. His letters are at the Natural History Museum, London. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew curates his drawings of Hereford fungi.[1]
Selected publications
editArticles
edit- Bull, H. G. (1844). "Fatal Poisoning from Fifteen or Twenty Drops of the Essential Oil of Bitter Almonds". BMJ. 8 (24): 364–367. doi:10.1136/bmj.s1-8.24.364. PMC 2558517. PMID 20793542.
- Bull, H. G. (1844). "Sir James Graham's Medical Bill. Hereford Meeting". BMJ. 8 (26): 407–408. doi:10.1136/bmj.s1-8.26.407. PMC 2558635. PMID 20793556.
- Bull, H. (1844). "Continence never the cause of spermatorrhea: reply of Dr. Bull to his critics" (PDF). The Lancet. 41 (1062): 479–481. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)26061-4.
- Bull, Henry (1864). "The Mistletoe (Viscum album, L.) in Herefordshire". Journal of Botany. II: 361–385. (See Viscum album.)
Books
edit- Hogg, Robert; Bull, Henry Graves (eds.). Herefordshire Pomona. Vol. I.
- Hogg, Robert; Bull, Henry Graves, eds. (1886). The Apple and Pear as Vintage Fruits. Hereford: Jakeman & Carver.
- Bull, Henry Graves, ed. (1888). Notes on the Birds of Herefordshire. London: Hamilton, Adams & Company.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Desmond, Ray, ed. (2002). "Bull, Henry Graves". Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers. CRC Press. p. 508. ISBN 9781466573871.
- ^ a b c d "Henry Graves Bull". BMJ. 2 (1299): 999. 1885. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.1299.999-a. S2CID 220228217.
- ^ a b "Dr Henry Graves Bull (1818–1885) by John Ross" (PDF). woolhopeclub.org.
- ^ "The Herefordshire pomona, containing coloured figures and description of the most esteemed kinds of apples and pears / With illustrations drawn and coloured from nature by Miss Ellis and Miss Bull ; Technical editor: Robert Hogg ; General editor: Henry Graves Bull: Hereford : Jakeman and Carver ; London : Journal of Horticulture Office, 1876-1885 4o 2 v. : illus., plates (76 col.) ; 38 cm. Published in 7 parts, 1878-84; the text of v.1. was issued with pts. 1-4, 1878-81". National Library of Australia.
- ^ Biblioteca Botanica: Important Works on Botany. London: William Wesley & Son. 1891. p. 167.
- ^ "The Herefordshire Pomona". Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ a b "Henry Graves Bull, Dr, 1818 - 1885 - Herefordshire History". 22 July 2015.
- ^ a b Ross, JH (1996). "Henry Graves Bull (1818–1885): A Provincial Polymath". Journal of Medical Biography. 4 (2): 94–99. doi:10.1177/096777209600400206. PMID 11616270. S2CID 45927006.
- ^ a b Vaughan, David J. (2016). "Henry Graves Bull, MD". The Little Book of Herefordshire. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-6909-3; ebook; 192 pages
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