Henry Nicholson may refer to:
- Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), British palaeontologist and zoologist
- Henry Nicholson (Royal Navy officer) (1835–1915)
- H. B. Nicholson (1925–2007), scholar of the Aztecs
- Henry Nicholson (cricketer) (1832–1858), English cricketer