Herbert Eustáquio de Carvalho (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 1992), known as Herbert Daniel, was a Brazilian writer, sociologist, journalist, and guerrilla, involved in the armed resistance to the military dictatorship that held power in Brazil from 1964 to 1985.
Life
editHerbert Daniel was born Herbert Eustáquio de Carvalho in 1946 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. He studied medicine at the Federal University of Minas Gerais but did not graduate.[1] Adopting the clandestine nom-de-guerre Daniel,[2] he fought as a guerrilla against the Brazilian government during the years of the military dictatorship,[3] joining the paramilitary organizations Organização Revolucionária Marxista Política Operária (POLOP), Comando de Libertação Nacional (COLINA), Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares, and Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária (VPR).[1] According to his fellow fighter Alfredo Sirkis, Daniel was for a period the intellectual leader of the Guevarist VPR.[4] As a member of that organization, Daniel participated in the kidnappings of the German ambassador Ehrenfried von Holleben, in June 1970, and the Swiss ambassador Giovanni Bucher, in December 1970. Carlos Lamarca, who also participated in the Swiss ambassador's kidnapping, joined forces with him to found the guerrilla force in Vale do Ribeira in 1969.[5]
Daniel was one of the few participants in the armed resistance to avoid prison and torture at the hands of the regime. He self-exiled in 1974, moving to live with his partner in Portugal, where he returned to studying medicine, and in France, where he worked as a journalist. He was the very last exile of the military regime to be pardoned.[4] He returned to Brazil in 1981, after the country began its redemocratization process. Daniel became active in the Workers' Party, then participated in the founding of the Brazilian Green Party alongside other Workers' Party dissidents.
He was a lifelong activist for environmentalism and for gay rights—he himself had a 20-year relationship with the graphic artist Cláudio Mesquita.[6]
Daniel wrote several books, including Passagem para o Próximo Sonho, Meu Corpo Daria um Romance, and Vida antes da Morte.[3]
He died in 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, of complications caused by AIDS.[7]
The Green Party's policy arm is named Fundação Verde Herbert Daniel in his honor.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b "Herbert Daniel – Fundação Verde Herbert Daniel". January 11, 2019. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ "Biografia de Herbert Daniel". March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Rômulo Medeiros Pereira. "Escritas Transgressoras e Literaturas Marginais: um Olhar Histórico sobre a Geração pós 68 no Brasil".
- ^ a b "Alfredo Sirkis". December 1, 2017. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ "O exílio político de Herbert Daniel". March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ "Figuras Emblemáticas da Responsabilidade". May 13, 2009. Archived from the original on May 13, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Green, James Naylor, 1951– (September 14, 2018). Exile within exiles : Herbert Daniel, gay Brazilian revolutionary. Durham. ISBN 978-1-4780-0235-2. OCLC 1026297324.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Fundação Verde Herbert Daniel" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved August 14, 2020.
Bibliography
edit- Green, James N. (2018). Exile Within Exiles: Herbert Daniel, Gay Brazilian Revolutionary. Durham: Duke University Press. 334 pages. ISBN 978-1-4780-0086-0