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Herbes de Provence (French: [ɛʁb də pʁɔvɑ̃s]; Provençal: èrbas de Provença, [ˈɛr.bas də pɾoˈvɛn.sa]) is a mixture of dried herbs considered typical of the Provence region of southeastern France. Formerly simply a descriptive term, commercial blends started to be sold under this name in the 1970s. These blends often contain savory, marjoram, rosemary, thyme, oregano, and more. Lavender leaves are also sometimes included, especially in North American formulations. The herb mixture is typically used with grilled foods, stews, and soups.
History
edit...the famous mixtures of herbes de Provence... were unknown to my Provençal grandmothers, who used, individually and with discernment, thyme, rosemary and savory gathered in the countryside.[1]: 138
Provençal cuisine uses many herbs which are often characterized collectively as herbes de Provence, but not in specific combinations, and not sold as a mixture. It was in the 1970s that homogenised mixtures were formulated by spice wholesalers, including Ducros in France, which is now part of McCormick & Company.[1]: 138
Origin
editThe commercial name herbes de Provence[2][3] has no Protected Geographical Status or other legal definition.[4][5] Indeed, only 10% of herbes de Provence sold in France are produced in France; 95% come from Central European (especially Poland) and Eastern European (notably Albania) countries, the Maghreb, or China.[6][7] Herbes de Provence are often sold in larger bags than other herbs, and the price in Provence is considerably lower than for other herbs.
Herbs used
editThese mixtures typically contain savory, marjoram, rosemary, thyme, oregano, and other herbs. In the North American market, lavender leaves are also typically included,[8][9] though lavender does not appear in the recipes in Jean-Baptiste Reboul's 1910 compendium of Provençal cooking.[10] The Label Rouge definition is 19% thyme, 27% rosemary, 27% savory, and 27% oregano.[11]
They may also contain other herbs such as basil, bay leaf, hyssop, tarragon, summer savory, parsley, fennel, and chervil.[12][13]
Uses
editHerbes de Provence are used to flavour grilled foods such as fish and meat, and vegetable stews. The mixture can be added to foods before, during, or after cooking, or mixed with cooking oil before cooking. They can also be sprinkled on raw foods such as vinaigrettes, salads or fresh cheese.
See also
edit- Italian seasoning, a similar blend
- List of herbs
- Fines herbes
References
edit- ^ a b Laget, Francis (2005). "From its Birthplace in Egypt to Marseilles, an Ancient Trade: 'Drugs and Spices'". Diogenes. 52 (3): 131–139. doi:10.1177/0392192105055941. S2CID 144212782.
- ^ "Fines herbes et grands secrets - Enquête au cœur des plantes", documentaire de Mélanie Van Der Ende] on YouTube
- ^ "Herbes de Provence". www.inao.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- ^ "DUCROS Grillardin : mélange d'herbes de Provence". www.ina.fr (in French). Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- ^ Salagou de Ducros : épices pour la salade on YouTube
- ^ Jacques Marseille, ed. (2002). Dictionnaire de la Provence et de la Côte d'Azur. Paris: Éd. Larousse. p. 382. ISBN 2035751055.
- ^ Dictionnaire de la Provence, p. 382.
- ^ Crum, Hannah; LaGory, Alex (2016). The Big Book of Kombucha. Storey Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 9781612124339. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- ^ de Mélogue, François (2015). Cuisine of the Sun: A Ray of Sunshine on Your Plate. Eat Till You Bleed. ISBN 9781682225158. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
- ^ Reboul, Jean-Baptiste (1910). La Cuisinière Provençale.
- ^ "Arrêté du 21 avril 2015 portant homologation du cahier des charges du label rouge LA/02/03 Herbes de Provence".
- ^ Herman, Lindsay (2015-11-02). Herb & Spice Companion: The Complete Guide to Over 100 Herbs & Spices. Book Sales. ISBN 978-1-57715-114-2.
- ^ Gulden, Terry D. (2007). The Essence of Herbs: A Fingertip Guide to the Common Culinary Herbs. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4259-9653-6.
