Heteroboranes are classes of boranes in which at least one boron atom is replaced by another elements. Like many of the related boranes, these clusters are polyhedra and are similarly classified as closo-, nido-, arachno-, and hypho-, according to the so-called electron count. Closo- represents a complete polyhedron, while nido-, arachno- and hypho- stand for polyhedrons that are missing one, two and three vertices.
Besides carbon (carboranes or carbaboranes), other elements can also be included in the heteroborane molecules as well, such as Si (silaboranes), N (azaboranes, including borazine), P (phosphaboranes), As (arsaboranes), Sb (stibaboranes), O (oxaboranes[1]), S (thiaboranes[2][3]), Se (selenaboranes) and Te (telluraboranes), either alone or in combination.[4][5]
Structurally, some heteroboranes can be derived from the icosahedral (Ih) [B12H12]2− anion via formal replacement of its BH fragments with isoelectronic CH+, P+ or S2+ fragments,[citation needed] e.g., closo-1-[CB11H12]− and closo-1,2-C2B10H12 (two of the carboranes), closo-1,2-P2B10H10[6] (one of the phosphaboranes) or closo-1-SB11H11[2] (one of the thiaboranes).
Heteroboranes are used in various fields, such as drug discovery, imaging[clarification needed], and nanotechnology.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Koeritz, Mason T.; Banovetz, Haley K.; Prell, Sean A.; Stanley, Levi M. (2022). "Synthesis of oxaboranes via nickel-catalyzed dearylative cyclocondensation". Chemical Science. 13 (26): 7790–7795. doi:10.1039/D2SC01840C. PMC 9258507. PMID 35865885.
- ^ a b Vrána, Jan; Holub, Josef; Samsonov, Maksim A.; Růžičková, Zdeňka; Fanfrlík, Jindřich; Hnyk, Drahomír; Růžička, Aleš (2019). "Thiaborane clusters with an exoskeletal B–H group". Chemical Communications. 55 (23): 3375–3378. doi:10.1039/C9CC00952C. PMID 30816893.
- ^ "Exploring the Chemistry of Thiaboranes". 19 July 2019.
- ^ Schubert, David M. (2002). "Boron Hydrides, Heteroboranes, and their Metalla Derivatives". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0215181519030821.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3.
- ^ "R-9.3 a PREFIXES USED IN REPLACEMENT NOMENCLATURE".
- ^ Little, John L.; Moran, John T.; Todd, Lee J. (1967). "Phosphaboranes and carbaphosphaboranes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 89 (21): 5495–5496. doi:10.1021/ja00997a058.