Essentials of Hindutva[1][2] is an ideological epigraph written by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1922.[3][4] The book was published in 1923 while Savarkar was still in jail.[5] It was retitled Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu? (with the second phrase as a subtitle) when reprinted in 1928. Savarkar's epigraph forms part of the canon of works published during British rule that later influenced post-independence contemporary Hindu nationalism.[6]
 Coverpage of the Book's Second Edition. | |
| Author | Vinayak Damodar Savarkar |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Hindi Sahitya Sadan |
Publication date | 1923 |
| Publication place | India |
| ISBN | 9-788-188-38825-7 |
| OCLC | 0670049905 |
Themes
editSavarkar used the term "Hindutva" (Sanskrit -tva, neuter abstract suffix) to describe "Hinduness" or the "quality of being a Hindu".[7][failed verification] Savarkar regarded Hinduism as an ethnic, cultural and political identity.[citation needed] Hindus, according to Savarkar, are those who consider India to be the land in which their ancestors lived (pitrubhumi) , as well as the land they consider to be pure or virtuous (punyabhumi) : "one for whom India is both Fatherland and Holyland".[8]
Sarvakar includes all Indian religions in the term "Hinduism" and outlines his vision of a "Hindu Rashtra" (Hindu Nation) as "Akhand Bharat" (Undivided India), stretching across the entire Indian subcontinent.
"We Hindus are bound together not only by the tie of the love we bear to a common fatherland and by the common blood that courses through our veins and keeps our hearts throbbing and our affections warm, but also by the tie of the common homage we pay to our great civilization - our Hindu culture" Fifth Edition 1969 p91 (Internet Archive PDF p108)
Savarkar wrote the book in prison, having been sentenced for the assassination of a British official in India Office in London.[9]
References
edit- ^ Chaturvedi, Hindutva and Violence (2022), pp. 16–17.
- ^ Basu, The Rhetoric of Hindu India (2017), p. 23.
- ^ Sweetman, W.; Malik, A. (2016). Hinduism in India: Modern and Contemporary Movements. Hinduism in India. SAGE Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 978-93-5150-231-9.
- ^ Ross, M.H. (2012). Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies: Contestation and Symbolic Landscapes. Book collections on Project MUSE. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8122-0350-9.
- ^ Representative, Our (15 August 1943). "Savarkar in Ahmedabad 'declared' two-nation theory in 1937, Jinnah followed 3 years later". Counterview.
- ^ Peter Lyon (2008), Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, p. 75, ISBN 978-1-57607-712-2
- ^ Women, States, and Nationalism. Routledge. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-0-203-37368-2. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ^ Elst, Koenraad (5 July 2001). Decolonizing the Hindu Mind: Ideological Development of Hindu Revivalism. Rupa & Company. p. 140. ISBN 9788171675197 – via Google Books.
It was during his stay in Ratnagiri prison, in 1922, that he wrote his influential book Hindutva ("Hindu-ness"). The text was smuggled out and published under a pseudonym. The highlight of the book was his definition of the term Hindu: "one for whom India is both Fatherland and Holyland".
- ^ Shōgimen, Takashi; Nederman, Cary J. (2009), Western political thought in dialogue with Asia, Lexington Books, p. 190, ISBN 978-0-7391-2378-2
Bibliography
edit- Basu, Manisha (2017), The Rhetoric of Hindu India, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107149878
- Chaturvedi, Vinayak (2022), Hindutva and Violence: V. D. Savarkar and the Politics of History, SUNY Press, ISBN 9781438488783
External links
edit
- Essentials of Hindutva, First Edition, 1923, publisher: V. V. Kalkar, Nagapur. Via archive.org
- Hindutva (Who Is A Hindu?), Fifth Edition, Veer Savarkar Prakashan, 1969. Via archive.org
- Essentials of Hindutva, Unknown edition, digital text via savarkar.org