Hoàng Văn Hoan (1905 – 18 May 1991)[1] was a personal friend of Ho Chi Minh, a founding member of the Indochinese Communist Party, and a Politburo member of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1960 to 1976. Born in Nghệ An Province in 1905,[2] Hoan was a crucial link between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the People's Republic of China, serving as ambassador to the country from 1950 to 1957 and Vice Chairman of the DRV's National Assembly Standing Committee in the 1960s. Known for his pro-Chinese stance, Hoan reached the peak of his career in the early 1960s when North Vietnam temporarily allied with China in the Sino-Soviet dispute.
Hoàng Văn Hoan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Vice Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th) | |
| In office 23 April 1958 – 24 June 1979 | |
| Chairman | Trường Chinh |
| General Secretary of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (1st, 2nd) | |
| In office April 1958 – June 1962 | |
| Chairman | Trường Chinh |
| Succeeded by | Xuân Thủy |
| Communist Party Secretary of Hanoi | |
| In office January 1961 – June 1961 | |
| Deputy | Nguyễn Thọ Chân Trần Minh Việt Trần Anh Liên |
| Preceded by | Trần Danh Tuyên |
| Succeeded by | Nguyễn Lam |
| Member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2nd, 3rd) | |
| In office October 1956 – December 1976 | |
| General Secretary | Hồ Chí Minh Lê Duẩn (as First Secretary) |
| Ambassador of Vietnam to China with accreditation as North Korea & Mongolia | |
| In office 1950 – April 1957 | |
| Succeeded by | Nguyễn Khang (to China) Trần Độ (to North Korea) |
| Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam | |
| In office August 1945 – December 1976 | |
| General Secretary | Trường Chinh Hồ Chí Minh Lê Duẩn (as First Secretary) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Hoàng Ngọc Ân 1905 Quỳnh Lưu, Nghệ An Province, Annam Protectorate, French Indochina |
| Died | 18 May 1991 (aged 85–86) Beijing, China |
| Political party | Communist Party of Vietnam (expelled in 1979) |
In 1963, when Foreign Minister Ung Văn Khiêm was replaced by the more pro-Chinese Xuân Thủy, Hoan headed the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the CPV. In 1965–1966, however, Soviet-Vietnamese relations started to improve, accompanied by increasing tension between Hanoi and Beijing. In the new atmosphere, the leadership found it advisable to replace both Xuân Thủy and Hoan with cadres who had been less conspicuously associated with Lê Duẩn's previous pro-Chinese policies.
Still, Hoan played a prominent role in Sino-Vietnamese relations for some time. In May 1973, he conducted secret talks in Beijing about the Cambodian Civil War and traveled to China for "medical treatment" a year later, but his real mission was probably related to the secret (and unsuccessful) Sino-Vietnamese border negotiations from August to November.[3] He lost most of his influence after the Fourth National Party Congress in 1977, when the Communist Party shifted to a pro-Soviet position. Like Trương Như Tảng, who went into exile in Paris, France, Hoan defected and surfaced in Beijing in July 1979 after shaking off political persecution by Vietnamese authorities.
Hoan stated that Vietnam's abuse of its ethnic Chinese minority was "even worse than Hitler's treatment of the Jews" and that its leaders had become "subservient to a foreign power," referring to the Soviet Union. He also disclosed that in 1982, the CPV's Central Committee had decided that opium production should be increased to raise foreign currency reserves.[4]
Hoan authored his reminiscences as A Drop in the Ocean. He died in Beijing in 1991.[5]
Works
edit- Hoang Van Hoan (1988). A Drop in the Ocean: Hoang Van Hoan's Revolutionary Reminiscences. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 9780835122559.
- — (1989). Selected Works of Hoang Van Hoan. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 9787119006048.
References
edit- ^ "Hoang van Hoan, Vietnam Aide Who Defected to China, Dies at 86". The New York Times. 23 May 1991.
- ^ Brigham, Robert K. (2011). "Hoang Van Hoan". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). The encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: a political, social, and military history (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 498. ISBN 9781851099610.
- ^ Balázs Szalontai, Hoàng Văn Hoan và vụ thanh trừng sau 1979. BBC Vietnam, April 15, 2010: http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2010/04/100415_hoangvanhoan.shtml.
- ^ "Narco-Terrorism: The Kremlin Connection". www.heritage.org. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Hoang Van Hoan, Vietnam Aide Who Defected to China, Dies at 86". The New York Times. 23 May 1991.