The House of Hohenlohe (pronounced [hoːənˈloːə]) is a German princely dynasty. It formerly ruled an immediate territory within the Holy Roman Empire, which was divided between several branches. In 1806, the area of Hohenlohe was 1,760 km² and its estimated population was 108,000.[1] The motto of the house is Ex flammis orior (Latin for 'From flames I rise'). The Lords of Hohenlohe were elevated to the rank of Imperial Counts in 1450, and from 1744, the territory and its rulers were princely. In 1825, the German Confederation recognized the right of all members of the house to be styled as Serene Highness (German: Durchlaucht), with the title of Fürst for the heads of its branches, and the title of prince/princess for the other members.[2] From 1861, the Hohenlohe-Öhringen branch was also of ducal status as dukes of Ujest.
County (Principality) of Hohenlohe Grafschaft (Fürstentum) Hohenlohe | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1450–1806 | |||||||||
 Coat of arms
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 Hohenlohe state, Homann, 1748 | |||||||||
| Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Öhringen | ||||||||
| Religion | Catholic Lutheran | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1450 | ||||||||
| 13 May | |||||||||
| 1500 | |||||||||
| 21 May 1744 | |||||||||
| 12 July 1806 | |||||||||
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Due to the continuous lineage of the dynasty until the present time, it is considered to be one of the longest-lived noble families in Germany and Europe. The large state coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg today bears the Frankish rake of the former Duchy of East and West Franconia, which also included the Franconian region of Baden-Württemberg around Heilbronn-Hohenlohe. The dynasty is related to the Staufers around the famous Emperor Barbarossa, and also to the British royal family through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria's half-sister Princess Feodora of Leiningen.
History
editThe first ancestor was mentioned in 1153 as Conrad, Lord of Weikersheim, where the family had the Geleitrecht (right of escorting travellers and goods and charging customs) along the Tauber river on the trading route between Frankfurt and Augsburg until the 14th century. It is likely that Conrad was a son of Conrad von Pfitzingen, who was already mentioned in documents in 1136/1141 and owned a castle of that name near Weikersheim. Allegedly, according to some, however unconfirmed sources, the wife of Conrad von Pfitzingen named Sophie was an illegitimate daughter of Conrad III Hohenstaufen, King of Germany, with a noble lady named Gerberga.[3] The Hohenlohe family therefore later boasted of a kinship with the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen.
Heinrich von Weikersheim is mentioned in documents from 1156 to 1182 and Adelbert von Weikersheim around 1172 to 1182. The latter used Hohenlohe (“Albertus de Hohenloch”) as his name for the first time in 1178 which is derived from the no longer existing Hohlach Castle near Simmershofen in Middle Franconia. His brother Heinrich also called himself so from 1182 (in the versions “Hohenlach” or “Holach”) which later was to become Hohenlohe. The name means “high-lying wood” (high Loh). The name Hohenlohe was probably adopted because Weikersheim was a fiefdom of the Comburg monastery, but Hohlach was an imperial fiefdom that granted its owners the status of imperial knight. Hohlach Castle secured the Rothenburg−Ochsenfurt road. However, Hohlach soon lost its importance; the family's holdings were expanded from Weikersheim, which is located about 20 km further west, southwards to form the county of Hohenlohe. Haltenbergstetten Castle near Pfitzingen, south of Weikersheim, was built around 1200, as was Brauneck Castle halfway between Weikersheim and Hohlach.
The dynasty's influence was soon perceptible between the Franconian valleys of the Kocher, Jagst and Tauber rivers, an area that was to be called the Hohenlohe Plateau.[4] Their original main seats were Weikersheim, Hohlach and Brauneck (near Creglingen).
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Brauneck Castle
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Of Konrad von Weikersheim's three sons, Konrad and Albrecht died childless. Heinrich I von Hohenlohe, the third son, died around 1183; he had five sons, of whom Andreas, Heinrich and Friedrich entered the Teutonic Order and thus the clergy, as a result of which the House of Hohenlohe lost important possessions around Mergentheim to the order. Like Hohlach Castle, these had probably fallen to the Lords of Weikersheim through marriage. In 1219 Mergentheim became the seat of the Mergentheim Commandery. Mergentheim Palace became the residence of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in 1527 and remained the headquarters of the Order until 1809.
The son Heinrich von Hohenlohe (d. 1249) became Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. His grandsons, Gottfried and Conrad, supporters of Emperor Frederick II, founded the lines of Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe and Hohenlohe-Brauneck in 1230, the names taken from their respective castles.[5] The emperor granted them the Italian counties of Molise and Romagna in 1229/30, but they were not able to hold them for long. Gottfried was a tutor and close advisor to the emperor's son king Conrad IV. When the latter survived an assassination attempt plotted by bishop Albert of Regensburg, he granted Gottfried some possessions of the Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg, namely the Vogt position for the Augustine Stift at Öhringen and the towns of Neuenstein and Waldenburg. Gottfried's son Kraft I acquired the town of Ingelfingen with Lichteneck Castle. In 1253 the town and castle of Langenburg were inherited by the lords of Hohenlohe, after the lords of Langenburg had become extinct. During the Interregnum the Hohenlohe sided with the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg and defeated the count of Henneberg and his coalition at the Battle of Kitzingen gaining Uffenheim in the aftermath. In 1273 Kraft of Hohenlohe fought at the Battle on the Marchfeld on the side of king Rudolf of Habsburg. By 1300, town and castle Schillingsfürst had also passed into the possession of the Hohenlohe lords.
Hohlach later became part of the Principality of Ansbach, a subsequent state of the Hohenzollern Burgraviate of Nuremberg, to which the Hohenlohe family had sold the nearby town of Uffenheim in 1378,[6] and Hohlach some time later. Yet, the name Hohenlohe remained attached to the county with its other territories.
The branch of Hohenlohe-Brauneck received Jagstberg Castle (near Mulfingen) as af fief from the Bishop of Würzburg around 1300, which later came to various other feudal holders, but repeatedly also back to the House of Hohenlohe. The Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck became extinct in 1390, their lands were sold to the Hohenzollern margraves of Ansbach in 1448. Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe was divided into several branches, two of which were Hohenlohe-Weikersheim and Hohenlohe-Uffenheim-Speckfeld (1330–1412). Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, descended from count Kraft I (died 1313), also underwent several divisions, the most important following the deaths of counts Albert and George in 1551. At this time the two main branches of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg were founded by George's sons. Meanwhile, in 1412, the branch of Hohenlohe-Uffenheim-Speckfeld had become extinct, and its lands passed to other families by marriage.[5] George Hohenlohe was prince-bishop of Passau (1390–1423) and archbishop of Esztergom (1418–1423), serving King Sigismund of Hungary (the later King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor).
In 1450, Emperor Frederick III granted Kraft of Hohenlohe (died 1472) and his brother, Albrecht, the sons of Elizabeth of Hanau, heiress of Ziegenhain, the title Count of Ziegenhain (Graf zu Ziegenhain) and invested them with the County of Ziegenhain.[7] Actually, the Landgraves of Hesse soon took the County of Ziegenhain. After decades of, sometimes armed, conflict, the Hohenlohe gave up their claim to Ziegenhain in favor of the Hessian landgrave in a settlement with financial compensation in 1495. In this context, the emperor elevated their lordship Hohenlohe to the status of an imperial county. The county remained divided between several family branches, however still being an undivided Imperial Fief under the imperial jurisdiction, and was to be represented by the family's senior vis-à-vis the imperial court.
The Hohenlohes were Imperial Counts having two voices in the Diet (or Assembly, called Kreistag) of the Franconian Circle.[8] They also had six voices in the Franconian College of Imperial Counts (Fränkisches Reichsgrafenkollegium) of the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).[9] The right to vote in the Imperial Diet gave a German noble family the status of imperial state (Reichsstände) and made them belong to the High Nobility (Hoher Adel), on a par with ruling princes and dukes.
By 1455, Albrecht of Hohenlohe had acquired the castle and lordship of Bartenstein (near Schrozberg). In 1472 the town and castle of Pfedelbach were bought by the Hohenlohe family. In 1586, Weikersheim was inherited by count Wolfgang who reconstructed the medieval Weikersheim Castle into a Renaissance palace. When the last Weikersheim count, Carl Ludwig, died around 1760, his lands were divided between the Langenburg, Neuenstein and Öhringen branches; in 1967, Prince Constantin of Hohenlohe-Langenburg sold Weikersheim Castle, meanwhile a museum, to the state.
The existing branches of the Hohenlohe family are descended from the lines of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, established in 1551 by Ludwig Kasimir (d. 1568) and Eberhard (d. 1570), the sons of Count Georg I (d. 1551).[10] Since Georg had become protestant on his deathbed, the reformation was introduced in the county and confirmed by the Peace of Augsburg in 1556. In 1667 however, a confessional division arose when the two sons of Georg Friedrich II of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Christian (founder of the Bartenstein line) and Ludwig Gustav (founder of the Schillingsfürst line), converted to the Catholic Church. After the extinction of two other protestant side lines, Waldenburg in 1679 and Waldenburg-Pfedelbach in 1728, the whole property of the main branch Hohenlohe-Waldenburg was inherited by the catholic counts.
Of the Lutheran branch of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, which underwent several partitions and inherited the county of Gleichen in Thuringia (with its residence at Ehrenstein Castle in Ohrdruf) in 1631, the senior line became extinct in 1805, while in 1701 the junior line divided itself into three branches, those of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Hohenlohe-Kirchberg.[5] The branch of Kirchberg died out in 1861, with its lands and castle passing to the Öhringen-Neuenstein branch (Kirchberg Castle was sold in 1952), but the branches of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (residing at Langenburg Castle) and Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen still exist, the latter being divided into Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen (which became extinct in 1960) and Hohenlohe-Oehringen (today residing at Neuenstein Castle). The two actual heads of the branches of Langenburg and Oehringen are traditionally styled Fürst. The two princes of Hohenlohe-Oehringen-Neuenstein and of Hohenlohe-Langenburg entertained a government office for the county of Gleichen at Ehrenstein Castle until 1848.
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, had acquired the estates of Slawentzitz, Ujest and Bitschin in Silesia by marriage in 1782, an area of 108 square miles, where his grandson Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen, Duke of Ujest, established calamine mines and founded one of the largest zinc smelting plants in the world. His son, prince Christian Kraft (1848–1926), sold the plants and went almost bankrupt with a fund in which he had invested in 1913; the mines he had still kept were depropriated by communist Poland in 1945. Until then, this branch had its headquarters in Slawentzitz and also owned estates in Hungary. After their expulsion and expropriation, the branch returned to Neuenstein.
The Catholic branch of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg was soon divided into three side branches, but two of these had died out by 1729. The surviving branch, that of Schillingsfürst, was divided into the lines of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, with further divisions following.[5] The four catholic lines which still exist today (with their heads styled Fürst) are those of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (at Schillingsfürst), Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (at Waldenburg), Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (at Haltenbergstetten) and Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (at Bartenstein). A side branch of the House of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst inherited the dukedom of Ratibor in Silesia in 1834, together with the principality of Corvey in Westphalia. While the Silesian property was expropriated in Poland in 1945, Corvey Abbey remains owned by the Duke of Ratibor to this day, together with further inherited properties in Austria.
The Holy Roman Emperors granted the title of Imperial Prince (Reichsfürst) to the Waldenburg line (in 1744) and to the Neuenstein (Öhringen) line (in 1764).[11] In 1757, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated possessions of the Waldenburg line to the status of Imperial Principality.[12] In 1772, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated possessions of the Neuenstein and Langenburg lines to the status of Imperial Principality.[12]
On 12 July 1806, the principalities became parts of the kingdoms of Bavaria and of Württemberg by the Act of the Confederation of the Rhine. Therefore, the region of Hohenlohe is presently located for the most part in the north eastern part of the State of Baden-Württemberg (forming the counties of Hohenlohe, Schwäbisch Hall and the southern part of Main-Tauber-Kreis), with smaller parts in the Bavarian administrative districts of Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. The Hohenlohisch dialect is part of the East Franconian German dialect group and the population still values its traditional distinct identity.
Rulers
editHouse of Hohenlohe
editPartitions of Hohenlohe under House of Hohenlohe rule
edit| Lordship of Hohenlohe (1192-1209) | |||||||||
| Lordship of Brauneck (1209-1390) |
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| Lordship of Weikersheim (1209-1450) Raised to: County of Weikersheim (1st creation) (1450–1551) |
Lordship of Uffenheim (1255-1412) | ||||||||
| Lordship of Haltenbergstetten (1268-1368) |
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| County of Schillingfurst (1st creation) (1472–1545) |
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| County of Waldenburg (1551-1679) |
County of Langenburg (1st creation) (1568–1590) |
County of Weikersheim (2nd creation) (1568–1684) |
County of Neuenstein (1st creation) (1503–1606) | ||||||
| County of Langenburg (2nd creation) (1610–1764) Raised to: Principality of Langenburg (1764–1806) |
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| County of Neuenstein (3rd creation) (1610–1698) | |||||||||
| County of Pfedelbach (1600-1728) |
County of Schillingfurst (2nd creation) (1600–1744) Raised to: Principality of Schillingfurst (1744–1806) | ||||||||
| County of Kirchberg (1699-1764) Raised to: Principality of Kirchberg (1764–1806) |
County of Ohringen (1641-1805) | ||||||||
| County of Bartenstein (1635-1806) |
County of Ingelfingen (1699-1764) Raised to: Principality of Ingelfingen (1764–1806) | ||||||||
| (mediatized to Württemberg in 1806) | |||||||||
Table of rulers
edit| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry | 1144 | 1192–1212 | 1212 | Lordship of Hohenlohe | Adelaide of Langenberg/ of Gundelfingen[13] (d.1230) six children |
First confirmed member of the family who held the lordship. | |
| Godfrey I | |
1190 | 1212–1255 | 1255 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Richeza of Bocksberg[14] six children |
Children of Henry, divided the land. Conrad was also count at Molise and Romagna. |
| Conrad I | c.1195 | 1212–1250 | c.1250 | Lordship of Brauneck | Petrissa of Büdingen[15] five children | ||
| Godfrey I | 1232 | 1250–1306 | 1312 | Lordship of Brauneck | Willibirg (d.1272/78) c.1265 six children Elisabeth of Falkenstein c.1279 six children |
Children of Conrad I, divided the land. It's possible that a Godfrey that supposedly died in 1273 is this one who died in 1312. Godfrey abdicated in 1306. | |
| Henry | c.1235 | 1250–1267 | 4 October 1267 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Unknown three children | ||
| Crato I |  |
1242 | 1255–1313 | 19 September 1313 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Willibirg of Wertheim (d.8 January 1279) three children Margaret of Truendingen (d.11 November 1294) 1280 six children Agnes of Württemberg (d.27 September 1305) 1295 two children |
Children of Godfrey I, divided the land. |
| Albert I | c.1240 | 1255–1269 | 1269 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Kunigunde of Henneberg (1223–1257) 1240 two children Udelhild of Berg-Schelklingen 1257 (d.1271) two children | ||
| Gebhard | c.1250? | 1267–1300 | 3 November 1300 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Adelaide of Taufers (d.1300) six children |
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| Godfrey II | c.1250 | 1269–1290 | 1290 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Elisabeth of Nuremberg (d.13 February 1288) c.1280 six children |
Children of Albert I, divided the land, but it was mostly and rapidly united again: Schelklingen reunited with Uffenheim after Albert's death; Wernsberg joined in the next generation. | |
| Frederick | c.1260 | 1269–1290 | 1290 | Lordship of Uffenheim (at Wernsberg) |
Sophia of Henneberg (d.1313) four children | ||
| Albert (II) | .jpg) |
c.1260 | 1269–1338 | 16 April 1338 | Lordship of Uffenheim (at Schelklingen) |
Unknown two children Hedwig of Castell 1309 (d.1331) no children | |
| Albert II | c.1270 | 1290–1312 | 30 November 1312 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Adelaide of Berg-Schelklingen (d.18 September 1338) 7 November 1289 seven children |
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| Henry | c.1280 | 1290–1329 | 25 October 1329 | Lordship of Uffenheim (at Wernsberg) |
Elisabeth of Henneberg (d.29 November 1329) 1300 no children |
After his death Wernsberg reunited with Uffenheim. | |
| Ulrich I | c.1270? | 1300–1332 | 1332 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Matilda of Weinsberg (c.1300? – 1332) 3 April 1284 eight children |
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| Godfrey II | c.1270? | 1306–1354 | 1354 | Lordship of Brauneck | Margaret (d.c.1335)[16] two children |
Teutonic Knight, eventually succeeded in the lordship. | |
| Louis | c.1290 | 1312–1356 | 1356 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Elisabeth of Nassau (c.1310 – 18 April 1359) 1326 eight children |
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| Crato II | c.1270 | 1313–1344 | 8 May 1344 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Adelaide Matilda of Württemberg (1295/1300 – 13 September 1342) 1306 two children |
Children of Crato I, ruled jointly. | |
| Conrad | c.1270 | 1313–1330 | 1330 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Unknown two children | ||
| Ulrich II | c.1300? | 1332–1347 | 1347 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Unknown six children Adelaide of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1305–1340) 1 June 1337 no children |
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| Crato III | 1328 | 1344–1371 | 16 November 1371 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Anna of Leuchtenberg (d.11 June 1390) c.1340 nine children |
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| Ulrich III | c.1320/30? | 1347–1367 | 17 February 1367 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Elisabeth of Merenberg (d.1375) 1345 one child |
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| Godfrey III | 1290 | 1354–1368 | 1368 | Lordship of Brauneck | Agnes of Castell[17] (d.14 September 1395) five children |
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| Godfrey III | 1344 | 1356–1387 | 1387 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Anna of Henneberg-Schleusingen (d. 27 Jul 1385/1388) 1369 three children |
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| Ulrich IV | c.1350? | 1367–1381 | 19 April 1381 | Lordship of Haltenbergstetten | Unmarried | Left no descendants. After his death Haltenbergstetten returned to Brauneck domain. | |
| Haltenbergstetten reannexed in Brauneck | |||||||
| Conrad II | c.1320/30? | 1368–1390 | 7 August 1390 | Lordship of Brauneck | Anna of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1371 – 1 June 1434) 15 March 1388 one child |
Left no male descendants. After his death Brauneck was annexed to Weikersheim. | |
| Brauneck annexed to Weikersheim | |||||||
| Crato IV |  |
c.1350 | 1371–1399 | 24 November 1399 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Agnes of Ziegenhain (d.23 March 1374) c.1365/70 no children Elisabeth of Sponheim (d.1381) 1374 two children |
|
| John |  |
1370 | 1387–1412 | 24 October 1412 | Lordship of Uffenheim | Unmarried | Left no descendants. After his death Uffenheim re-merged in Weikersheim. |
| Uffenheim re-merged in Weikersheim | |||||||
| Ulrich | c.1360 | 1399–1407 | 6 December 1407 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Unmarried | Brother and daughter of Crato IV, they shared rule in the lordship; Anna possessed land inherited from her father, which eventually passed to the House of Nassau by marriage. | |
| Anna | c.1370 | 1399–1410 | 11 October 1410 | Lordship of Weikersheim (at Kirchheimbolanden and Stauf) |
Philipp I, Count of Nassau-Weilburg 1385 one child | ||
| Albert I |  |
c.1365? | 1407–1429 | 16 June 1429 | Lordship of Weikersheim | Elisabeth of Hanau 1413 seven children |
Brother of Crato IV and Ulrich. |
| Regency of Elisabeth of Hanau (1429–1431) | Children of Albert I, divided the land. After Albert's death, Neuenstein as reabsorbed by Waldenburg. | ||||||
| Crato V | c.1410 | 1429–1472 | 21/31 March 1472 | Lordship of Weikersheim (until 1450, at Waldenburg) County of Weikersheim (from 1450, at Waldenburg) |
Margaret of Oettingen (1430 – 24 February 1472) 1431 seven children | ||
| Albert II |  |
c.1410 | 1429–1490 | 1490 | Lordship of Weikersheim (until 1450, at Neuenstein) County of Weikersheim (from 1450, at Neuenstein) |
Unmarried | |
| Crato VI |  |
1452 | 1472–1503 | 2 August 1503 | County of Weikersheim (at Waldenburg) |
Helena of Württemberg (1453 – 19 February 1506) 26 February 1476 Waldenburg seventeen children |
Children of Crato V, divided the land. |
| Godfrey IV | c.1455 | 1472–1497 | 4 October 1497 | County of Schillingsfürst | Hippolyta of Wilhelmsdorf 1478 six children | ||
| John | c.1470 | 1497–1509 | 1509 | County of Schillingsfürst | Elisabeth of Leuchtenberg (d.4 May 1516) 14 November 1491 four children |
||
| George I | 17 January 1488 | 1503–1551 | 16 March 1551 | County of Weikersheim (at Waldenburg) |
Praxedis of Sulz (1495 – 14 April 1521) 1514 six children Helena of Waldburg-Zeil (12 October 1514 – 3 April 1567) 1529 eight children |
Children of Crato VI, divided the land. George changed his seat from Weikersheim to Waldenburg. | |
| Albert III | c.1485 | 1503–1551 | 19 August 1551 | County of Neuenstein | Wandelberta of Hohenzollern (1484–1553) 15 March 1507 Rothenburg no children | ||
| Wolfgang I | c.1490 | 1509–1545 | 24 December 1545 | County of Schillingsfürst | Walpurga of Henneberg-Schleusingen (31 October 1516 – 16 Apr 1570) 18/19 November 1534 Schleusingen no children |
Left no descendants. Schillingsfürst reverted to Weikersheim. | |
| Schillingsfürst re-merged in Weikersheim | |||||||
| Eberhard |  |
11 October 1535 | 1551–1570 | 10 March 1570 | County of Waldenburg | Agatha of Tübingen (13 November 1533 – 28 June 1609) 1529 eight children |
Children of George I, divided the land. |
| Louis Casimir |  |
12 January 1517 | 1551–1568 | 24 August 1568 | County of Neuenstein | Anna of Solms-Lauch-Lich (12 November 1522 – 9 May 1594) 20 November 1554 Heuchlingen six children | |
| Philip | .jpg) |
17 February 1550 | 1568–1606 | 6 March 1606 | County of Neuenstein | Maria of Orange-Nassau (12 November 1522 – 9 May 1594) 20 November 1554 Buren one child |
Children of Louis Casimir, divided the land, but it was quickly reunited under Weikersheim line, as Philip and Frederick didn't have surviving male children. |
| Wolfgang II |  |
14 June 1546 | 1568–1610 | 28 March 1610 | County of Weikersheim | Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg 27 January 1567 Dillenburg fourteen children | |
| Frederick | 27 June 1553 | 1568–1590 | 12 April 1590 | County of Langenburg | Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (19 October 1565 – 17 July 1621) 12 May 1685 Celle one child | ||
| Regency of Agatha of Tübingen (1570–1577) | |||||||
| George Frederick I the Elder |  |
30 April 1562 | 1570–1600 | 22 October 1600 | County of Waldenburg | Dorothea Reuss of Gera (1570–1631) 21 August 1586 Waldenburg six children | |
| Regency of Dorothea Reuss of Gera (1600–1615) | Children of George Frederick I, divided the land. | ||||||
| Philip Henry | 3 January/June 1591 | 1600–1644 | 20/25 March 1644 | County of Waldenburg | Dorothea Walpurga of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (20 September 1590 – 20 December 1656) 7 May 1615 Neuenstein eleven children | ||
| Louis Eberhard | 19 January 1590 | 1600–1650 | 3 November 1650 | County of Pfedelbach | Dorothea of Erbach (13 July 1593 – 8 October 1643) 28 October 1610 Waldenburg eight children | ||
| George Frederick II the Younger | 16 June 1595 | 1600–1635 | 20 September 1635 | County of Schillingsfürst | Dorothea Sophia of Solms-Hohensolms (17 October 1595 – 8 January 1660) 7 April 1616 Butzbach sixteen children | ||
| Crato VII |  |
14 November 1582 | 1610–1641 | 11 September 1641 | County of Neuenstein | Sophia of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (29 March 1593 – 16 November 1676) 17 March 1615 Neuenstein fourteen children |
Children of Wolfgang, divided the land once more. Weikersheim went once more to Neuenstein, after George Frederick's death without male descendants. |
| George Frederick |  |
5 September 1569 | 1610–1645 | 7 July 1645 | County of Weikersheim | Eva of Waldstein (d.24 May 1631) no children Maria Magdalena of Oettingen-Oettingen (28 August 1600 – 29 May 1636) 23 April 1620 Oettingen one child | |
| Philip Ernest | ,_graaf_van_Hohenlohe_zu_Langenburg_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-545.jpeg) |
11 August 1584 | 1610–1628 | 29 January 1628 | County of Langenburg | Anna Maria of Solms-Sonnewalde 15 January 1609 Sonnewalde eleven children | |
| Regency of Anna Maria of Solms-Sonnewalde (1628–1639) | Children of Philip Ernest, divided the land, but it was quickly reunited after Joachim Albert's death. | ||||||
| Henry Frederick | 7 September 1625 | 1628–1699 | 2 June 1699 | County of Langenburg | Eleanor Magdalena of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (22 March 1635 – 14 November 1657) 25 January 1652 four children Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen (30 January 1640 – 5 May 1706) 5 July 1658 sixteen children | ||
| Joachim Albert | 3 August 1619 | 1628–1675 | 15 July 1675 | County of Langenburg (at Kirchberg) |
Unmarried | ||
| Regency of Dorothea Sophia of Solms-Hohensolms (1635–1660) | Children of George Frederick II, divided the land. | ||||||
| Louis Gustav | 8 June 1634 | 1635–1697 | 21 February 1697 | County of Schillingsfürst | Maria Eleanor of Hatzfeld (1632 – 13 June 1667) 18 February 1658 Haltenbergstetten seven children Anna Barbara of Schönborn (18 December 1648 – 6 March 1721) 15/17 July 1668 Mainz eight children | ||
| Christian | 31 August 1627 | 1635–1675 | 13 June 1675 | County of Bartenstein | Lucia of Hatzfeld and Gleichen (1634/35 – 30 May 1716) 18 February 1658 Haltenbergstetten nine children | ||
| Wolfgang Julius |  |
3 August 1622 | 1641–1698 | 26 December 1698 | County of Neuenstein | Sophie Eleanor of Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1 August 1644 – 22 January 1689) 25 August 1666 Neuenstein fourteen children Barbara Franziska of Welz-Wilmersdorf 4 September 1689 Wilhermsdorf no children |
Children of Crato VII, divided the land once more. Siegfried inherited his portion later than his brothers, as his uncle and then possessor of his feud was still alive by the time of the partition of the brothers. Weikersheim, Neuenstein and Kunzelsau, again without heirs, were all annexed to the newly created county of Ohringen. |
| John Louis |  |
1 June 1625 | 1641–1689 | 15 August 1689 | County of Neuenstein (at Kunzelsau) |
Magdalena Sophia of Oettingen-Oettingen (17 February 1654 – 13 February 1691) 15 March 1681 Neuenstein no children | |
| Siegfried | .jpg) |
2 August 1619 | 1645–1684 | 26 April 1684 | County of Weikersheim | Maria of Kaunitz (1620 – 13 February 1674) 1662 Neuenstein no children Sophia Amalia of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (15 December 1646 – 30 November 1695) 1678 Meisenheim no children | |
| John Frederick I | .jpg) |
31 July 1617 | 1641–1702 | 17 October 1702 | County of Ohringen | Louise Ammonna of Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg (15 January 1642 – 11 June 1685) 28 August 1665 Neuenstein thirteen children | |
| Neuenstein, Kunzelsau and Weikersheim annexed to Ohringen | |||||||
| Wolfgang Frederick | 17 April 1617 | 1644–1658 | 28 March 1658 | County of Waldenburg | Eva Christina of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (24 December 1621 – 25 May 1681) 24 June 1646 Waldenburg nine children |
Left no descendants, and was succeeded by his brother. | |
| Frederick Crato |  |
27 November 1623 | 1650–1681 | 7 April 1681 | County of Pfedelbach | Floriana Ernestina of Württemberg-Wiltingen (8 May 1623 – 5 December 1672) 18 May 1657 Leonberg five children |
Left no descendants, and was succeeded by his brother. |
| Philip Godfrey | 6 June 1618 | 1658–1679 | 14 December 1679 | County of Waldenburg | Anna Christina of Limburg-Sontheim (5 December 1618 – 28 May 1685) 2 September 1649 six children |
Brother of the childless Wolfgang Frederick, left no male descendants. | |
| Waldenburg divided between Pfedelbach and Schillingsfürst | |||||||
| Regency of Lucia of Hatzfeld and Gleichen and Louis Gustav, Count of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1675–1686) | |||||||
| Philip Charles | 28 September 1668 | 1675–1729 | 15 January 1729 | County of Bartenstein | Sophia Maria Anna of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1673 – 17 August 1698) 17 May 1695 Frankfurt am Main one child Sophia Leopoldina of Hesse-Rotenburg (17 July 1681 – 18 April 1724) 12 June 1700 Altenberg eight children | ||
| Hezekiah | .jpg) |
8 September 1631 | 1681–1685 | 6 February 1685 | County of Pfedelbach | Dorothea Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg (12 October 1650 – 29 November 1711) 27 May 1666 Waldenburg ten children |
Brother of his predecessor, Frederick Crato. |
| Louis Godfrey | 6 December 1668 | 1685–1728 | 18 September 1728 | County of Pfedelbach | Louise Charlotte of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (25 April 1667 – 25 August 1747) 27 October 1689 Langenburg no children |
||
| Pfedelbach annexed to Bartenstein | |||||||
| Philip Ernest | 29 December 1663 | 1697–1759 | 29 November 1759 | County of Schillingsfürst (until 1744) Principality of Schillingsfürst (from 1744) |
Franziska Barbara von Welz-Eberstein (1660 – 13 April 1718) 22 June 1701 Wilhermsdorf four children Maria Anna Eleonora Sophia of Oettingen-Wallerstein (28 August 1680 – 8 September 1749) 6 January 1719 Wallerstein one child |
||
| Albert Wolfgang | 6 July 1659 | 1699–1715 | 17 April 1715 | County of Langenburg | Sophia Amalia of Nassau-Saarbrücken (19 September 1666 – 29 October 1736) 22 August 1686 Langenburg twelve children |
Children of Henry Frederick, divided the land. | |
| Christian Crato | 15 July 1668 | 1699–1743 | 2 October 1743 | County of Ingelfingen | Maria Katharina Sophia of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg (28 February 1680 – 4 October 1761) 6 December 1701 Pfedelbach seventeen children | ||
| Frederick Eberhard | 24 November 1672 | 1699–1737 | 23 August 1737 | County of Kirchberg | Friederika Albertina of Erbach-Fürstenau (7 October 1683 – 19 January 1709) 18 January 1702 Pfedelbach four children Augusta Sophia of Württemberg (24 September 1691 – 1 March 1743) 5 December 1709 Neuenstadt am Kocher one child | ||
| John Frederick II |  |
22 July 1683 | 1702–1765 | 24 August 1765 | County of Ohringen | Dorothea Sophia of Hesse-Darmstadt (14 January 1689 – 7 June 1723) 13 February 1710 Darmstadt seven children |
Children of John Frederick I, divided the land (Weikersheim was briefly revived), but Ohringen was quickly reunited after John Frederick's brothers deaths with no surviving descendants. |
| John Ernest |  |
24 March 1670 | 1702 | 16 November 1702 | County of Ohringen | Eleonora Juliana of Hohenlohe-Langenburg ( 1 October 1669 – 11 April 1750) 12 January 1699 Langenburg no children | |
| Frederick Crato |  |
22 February 1667 | 1702–1709 | 23 August 1709 | County of Ohringen | Christina Elisabeth of Erbach-Fürstenau (6 November 1673 – 24 February 1734) 29 September 1695 Fürstenau no children | |
| Charles Louis |  |
23 September 1674 | 1702–1756 | 5 May 1756 | County of Weikersheim | Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (15 March 1691 – 18 March 1712) 7 August 1711 Wefferlingen no children Elisabeth Friederika Sophia of Oettingen-Oettingen (14 March 1691 – 14 May 1758) 11 November 1713 Oettingen two children | |
| Louis |  |
20 October 1696 | 1715–1765 | 16 January 1765 | County of Langenburg (until 1764) Principality of Langenburg (from 1764) |
Eleanor of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1 July 1707 – 15 October 1769) 25 January 1723 Sonnewalde thirteen children |
|
| Charles Philip Francis |  |
12 July 1702 | 1729–1763 | 1 March 1763 | County of Bartenstein(until 1744) Principality of Bartenstein(from 1744) |
Sophia Dorothea Wilhelmina of Hesse-Homburg (18 February 1714 – 2 May 1777) 26 September 1727 Strasbourg four children |
|
| Charles August |  |
6 April 1707 | 1737–1767 | 17 May 1767 | County of Kirchberg (until 1764) Principality of Kirchberg (from 1764) |
Charlotte Amalia of Wolfstein (19 June 1706 – 24 October 1729) 4 January 1728 Salzburg one child Susanna Margaretha Louise of Auersperg (17 February 1712 – 12 September 1748) 1 June 1730 Nuremberg nine children Caroline Sophia von Hohenlohe-Ohringen (8 January 1715 – 21 August 1770) 21 January 1749 Hildburghausen two children |
|
| Philip Henry | 10 September 1702 | 1743–1781 | 5 April 1781 | County of Ingelfingen (until 1764) Principality of Ingelfingen (from 1764) |
Albertina of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (29 January 1701 – 5 November 1773) 4 March 1727 Langenburg six children |
His heir predecesed him, and the principality was inherited by his brother. | |
| Charles Albert I | 22 January 1719 | 1759–1793 | 25 January 1793 | Principality of Schillingsfürst | Sophia Wilhelmina Maria of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (7 August 1721 – 29 September 1749) 7 February 1740 Vienna five children Maria Josepha of Salm-Salm (7 August 1721 – 29 September 1749) 7 February 1740 Senones (Vosges) no children |
||
| Louis Leopold |  |
15 November 1731 | 1763–1799 | 14 June 1799 | Principality of Bartenstein | Frederika Polyxena of Limburg-Styrum (28 October 1738 – 26 February 1798) 6 May 1757 Schillingsfürst seven children |
|
| Louis Frederick | 23 May 1723 | 1765–1805 | 27 July 1805 | County of Ohringen | Amalie of Saxe-Hildburghausen 28 January 1749 Hildburghausen one child |
After his death with no heirs, Ohringen was annexed to Ingelfingen. | |
| Ohringen annexed to Ingelfingen | |||||||
| Christian Albert | 27 March 1726 | 1765–1789 | 4 July 1789 | Principality of Langenburg | Caroline of Stolberg-Gedern 13 May 1761 Gedern seven children |
||
| Christian Frederick | 19 October 1729 | 1767–1806 | 18 August 1819 | Principality of Kirchberg | Louise Charlotte of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (20 December 1732 – 5 August 1777) 4 June 1760 Langenburg two children Philipina Sophia Ernestina of Isenburg-Philippseich (1 November 1744 – 6 October 1819) 9 October 1778 Philippseich six children |
In 1806, by German mediatisation, all Hohenlohe lands were absorbed into Württemberg. | |
| Kirchberg absorbed into Württemberg | |||||||
| Henry August | 10 July 1715 | 1781–1796 | 13 February 1796 | Principality of Ingelfingen | Wilhelmina Eleonora of Hohenlohe-Ohringen (20 February 1717 – 30 July 1794) 26 September 1743 Ohringen eight children |
Brother of Philip Henry. | |
| Charles Louis |  |
10 September 1762 | 1789–1806 | 4 April 1825 | Principality of Langenburg | Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth 30 January 1789 Kliczków Castle thirteen children |
In 1806, by German mediatisation, all Hohenlohe lands were absorbed into Württemberg. |
| Langenburg absorbed into Württemberg | |||||||
| Charles Albert II |  |
21 February 1742 | 1793–1796 | 14 June 1796 | Principality of Schillingsfürst | Leopoldina of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (28 December 1739 – 9 June 1765) 19 May 1761 Horazdiowitz two children Judith Anna Franziska Rewicki de Revisnier (8 September 1753 – 16 November 1836) 15 August 1773 Kazmir thirteen children |
|
| Frederick Louis |  |
31 January 1746 | 1796–1806 | 15 January 1818 | Principality of Ingelfingen | Amalia Louise Mariana of Hoym-Droyssig (6 October 1763 – 20 April 1840) 8 April 1782 Gleina (annulled 1799) eight children |
In 1806, by German mediatisation, all Hohenlohe lands were absorbed into Württemberg. |
| Ingelfingen absorbed into Württemberg | |||||||
| Charles Albert III |  |
28 February 1776 | 1796–1806 | 15 June 1843 | Principality of Schillingsfürst | Maria Elisabeth Augusta of Isenburg-Birstein (8 September 1779 – 1 April 1803) 11 July 1797 Munich three children Maria Leopoldina of Fürstenberg (4 September 1791 – 10 January 1844) 130 May 1813 Heiligenberg four children |
In 1806, by German mediatisation, all Hohenlohe lands were absorbed into Württemberg. |
| Schillingsfurst absorbed into Württemberg | |||||||
| Louis Aloysius |  |
12 December 1766 | 1799–1806 | 31 May 1829 | Principality of Bartenstein | Franziska Wilhelmina of Manderscheid-Blankenheim (13 March 1770 – 26 August 1789) 18 November 1786 one child Maria Crescentia of Salm-Reifferscheid (29 August 1768 – 4 April 1826) 19 January 1790 Bedburg two children |
In 1806, by German mediatisation, all Hohenlohe lands were absorbed into Württemberg. |
| Bartenstein absorbed into Württemberg | |||||||
Family members
edit
Notable members of the von Hohenlohe family include:
- Heinrich von Hohenlohe, 13th-century Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- Gottfried von Hohenlohe, 14th-century Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1746–1818), Prussian general
- Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1765–1829), marshal and peer of France
- August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1784–1853), general
- Prince Alexander of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1794–1849), priest
- Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1816–1897), Prussian industrialist and general
- Victor I, Duke of Ratibor, Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1818–1893)
- Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901), Chancellor of Germany
- Gustav Adolf Hohenlohe (1823–1896), a Catholic cardinal
- Kraft, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1827–1892), Prussian general and writer
- Hans zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1858–1945), a Prussian diplomat
- Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1863–1918), Austrian statesman and aristocrat
- Friedrich Franz, Prince von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1879–1958), Austrian military attache and later German spy-master. His first wife, Stephanie von Hohenlohe (1891–1972), was a German spy in the 1930s and at the start of WWII.
- Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1897–1960), husband of Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (1905–1981), the sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- Alfonso, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1924–2003), founder of Marbella Club, Spain
- Hubertus, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (b. 1959), competitive skier, singer, music producer
- Philipp, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (b. 1970), grandson of Gottfried, owner of Langenburg Castle
- Princess Victoria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (b. 1997), 20th Duchess of Medinaceli etc, Grandee of Spain, who is, with 43 titles, the most titled person in the world[18]
-
Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901), Chancellor of the German Empire (1894–1900) -
Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1863–1918), Prime Minister of Austria (1906)
.jpg)
Castles of the House of Hohenlohe
edit(*) still owned by members of the House of Hohenlohe
-
-
Langenburg Castle* -
-
Öhringen Castle -
Waldenburg town and castle* -
Schillingsfürst Castle* -
Bartenstein Castle* near Schrozberg -
Ingelfingen Castle -
Pfedelbach Castle -
Haltenbergstetten Castle* -
Kirchberg Castle -
Ehrenstein Castle at Ohrdruf, Thuringia (County of Gleichen) -
The palace monastery of Rudy (German: Schloss Rauden) near Ratibor, Silesia (Poland) -
Imperial Abbey of Corvey*, Westfalia -
Schloss Grafenegg*, Lower Austria -
Neuaigen Castle*, Lower Austria -
Sławięcice Palace (Schloss Slawentzitz), Silesia (Poland) (now demolished) -
Oppurg Castle, Thuringia -
El Quexigal, Spain
.jpg)
.JPG)
Heads of existing branches
editNeuenstein line (Lutheran)
edit- Hohenlohe-Langenburg branch: Philipp, 10th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Count of Gleichen (born 1970), at Langenburg castle
- Hohenlohe-Oehringen branch: Kraft, 9th Prince of Hohenlohe-Oehringen, 5th Duke of Ujest, Count of Gleichen (born 1933), at Neuenstein castle
Waldenburg line (Catholic)
edit- Hohenlohe-Bartenstein branch: Maximilian, 10th Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, (born 1972), at Bartenstein castle
- Hohenlohe-Jagstberg branch: Alexander, 2nd Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (born 1937), at Haltenbergstetten castle
- Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst branch: Felix, 10th Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (born 1963), at Waldenburg castle
- Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst branch: Constantin, 12th Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (born 1949), at Schillingsfürst castle
- Ratibor and Corvey branch: Viktor, 5th Duke of Ratibor and 5th Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Metternich-Sándor (b. 1964), owner of the Imperial Abbey of Corvey, Germany, and Grafenegg and Neuaigen Castles, Lower Austria
Legion de Hohenlohe
editThe Legion de Hohenlohe was a unit of foreign soldiers serving in the French Army until 1831, when its members (as well as those of the disbanded Swiss Guards) were folded into the newly-raised French Foreign Legion for service in Algeria.
Notes
edit- ^ "Map of Baden-Wurttemberg 1789 - Northern Part". hoeckmann.de.
- ^ Almanach de Gotha: 1910, pages 140-148.
- ^ Tobias Weller: Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (The marriage policy of the German nobility in the 12th century). Böhlau, Cologne 2004, pp. 211–220. According to Hansmartin Decker-Hauff, based on the sources of the Imperial Abbey of Lorch he used, there should have been a close relationship between the House of Hohenlohe and the House of Hohenstaufen. However, according to more recent research, these details cannot be proven beyond doubt according to historian Klaus Graf: Staufer-Überlieferungen aus Kloster Lorch (Traditions of the Hohenstaufen from Lorch Monastery), in: Sönke Lorenz et al. (Ed.): Von Schwaben bis Jerusalem. Facetten staufischer Geschichte. Sigmaringen (From Swabia to Jerusalem. Facets of Staufer history). Sigmaringen 1995, pp. 209–240. See also: "Hohenlohe 1".
- ^ Europäische Stammtafeln. Neue Folge, Band XVII (1998), table # 1
- ^ a b c d Phillips & Atkinson 1911, p. 572.
- ^ Stokvis. Manuel d'histoire, de généalogie et de chronologie (Leiden 1887–1893): tome III, pages 354–356.
- ^ Europäische Stammtafeln. Neue Folge, Band XVII (1998), table # 3; Almanach de Gotha, 1941, page 216.
- ^ Berghaus. Deutschland seit hundert Jahren (Leipzig 1859–1862): Abtheilung I, Band I, page 165.
- ^ Lancizolle. Uebersicht der deutschen Reichsstandschafts- und Territorial-Verhältnisse (Berlin 1830): page 8, 46
- ^ Europäische Stammtafeln. Neue Folge, Band XVII (1998), tables # 4,6,15
- ^ Frank. Standeserhebungen und Gnadenakte für das Deutsche Reich und die österreichischen Erblande (Senftenegg 1967–1974): Band 2, page 221
- ^ a b Frank. Standeserhebungen und Gnadenakte für das Deutsche Reich und die österreichischen Erblande (Senftenegg 1967–1974): Band 2, page 221.
- ^ Vgl. Detlev Schwennicke: Europäische Stammtafeln. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten. Neue Folge, Band XVII. Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1998, Tafel 1.
- ^ Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I, 52, p. 36.
- ^ Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch, Band I, 127, p. 72.
- ^ Margaret appears on the marriage contract of her son, dated 29 June 1334, according to Wittmann (1890), 335, p. 148.
- ^ Wittmann (1890), 377, p. 170.
- ^ "Victoria de Hohenlohe, la joven con más títulos nobiliarios de España". abc (in Spanish). 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2019-11-25.
References
edit- Genealogy of the House of Hohenlohe
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Phillips, Walter Alison; Atkinson, Charles Francis (1911). "Hohenlohe". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 572–575.
- See generally A. F. Fischer, Geschichte des Hauses Hohenlohe (1866–1871),
- K. Weller, Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch. 1153–1350 (Stuttgart, 1899–1901), and
- Geschichte des Hauses Hohenlohe (Stuttgart, 1904). (W. A. P.; C. F. A.)
- Alessandro Cont, La Chiesa dei principi. Le relazioni tra Reichskirche, dinastie sovrane tedesche e stati italiani (1688–1763). Preface of Elisabeth Garms-Cornides, Trento, Provincia autonoma di Trento, 2018, pp. 152–156.
External links
edit
- The House of Hohenlohe
- European Heraldry page Archived 2020-10-24 at the Wayback Machine