The honeycomb cowfish (Acanthostracion polygonius), is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This fish is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.
| Honeycomb cowfish | |
|---|---|
| |
| Acanthostracion polygonius Honeycomb cowfish | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Suborder: | Ostracioidea |
| Family: | Ostraciidae |
| Genus: | Acanthostracion |
| Species: | A. polygonius
|
| Binomial name | |
| Acanthostracion polygonius Poey, 1876
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Taxonomy
editThe honeycomb cowfish was first formally described as Acanthostracion polygonius in 1876 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey with Cuba given as its type locality.[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Acanthostracion in the within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes.[4]
Etymology
editThe honeycomb cowfish is classified within the genus Acanthostracion, this name combines acanthus, which means "spine" or "thorn", with ostracion. Bleeker originally proposed this taxon as a subgenus of the genus Ostracion The Specific name, polygonius, means "many angled", a reference to the hexagonal patterning on the carapce of this fish.[5]
Description
editThe honeycomb cowfish has armor-like, hexagonal scales covering most of its body. It is named for its unique honeycomb-like pattern and "horns". This pattern helps the fish to blend in with coral reefs. Most honeycomb cowfish tend to be blue in color, but can also be yellow, gray, or green.[6][7] Juveniles are generally more colorful than adults. They have no pelvic fins, and the caudal fin is rounded.[7]
Honeycomb cowfish have several modified bony scales and "horns." These serve as a means of protection. Honeycomb cowfish can be distinguished from similar fish by the two spines above their eyes and hexagonal pattern. Compared to other boxfish, the honeycomb cowfish has a smaller, protruding mouth and fleshy lips.[6][7]
The maximum body length is 50 centimeters, but the average length is 25 centimeters.[6]
Distribution
editThis species is distributed throughout the western Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and waters near Brazil. They are absent throughout most of the Gulf of Mexico, but there are populations around Florida.[6][2]
Habitat
editThe honeycomb cowfish lives in warm, clear waters near coral reefs, sea grass beds, and in estuaries.[1][7] It is an uncommon and cautious species.[6]
Behavior
editHoneycomb cowfish are usually solitary, but can be seen in groups of threes consisting of one male and two females. Little is known about their reproduction, but they are known to mate in open water. They have been observed quickly swimming to the surface in pairs, releasing their gametes, and quickly swimming back down.[7]
Honeycomb cowfish have the ability to change color in order to protect themselves from predation. Once camouflaged, the fish can remain stationary for long periods of time.[7]
The juveniles have better swimming abilities than adults due to their rounder bodies.[7]
Diet
editFeeding occurs during the day. Their diet consists of small marine invertebrates including shrimp, sponges, algae, tunicates, and worms.[6][7][8]
Human use
editThe honeycomb cowfish is considered to be a valuable food fish. It is marketed fresh, and is prized in the Caribbean where it is abundant. There have been several reports of ciguatera poisoning from the consumption of this fish. It is also sold commercially as an aquarium fish.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b Leis, J.L.; Matsuura, K.; Shao, K.-T.; et al. (2015). "Acanthostracion polygonius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T193646A2253091. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T193646A2253091.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Acanthostracion polygonius". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Acanthostracion". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families MOLIDAE, BALISTIDAE, MONACANTHIDAE, ARACANIDAE and OSTRACIIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Acanthostracion polygonius :: Florida Museum of Natural History". floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-04-25. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bissoon, Ashtie Ashley (2015). "Acanthostracion polygonius (Honeycomb Cowfish)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Acanthostracion polygonius (Honeycomb Cowfish)" (PDF).
External links
edit- Photos of Honeycomb cowfish on Sealife Collection