1994 Hong Kong local elections

The 1994 Hong Kong District Board elections were held on 18 September 1994 for all 18 districts of Hong Kong and 346 members from directly elected constituencies. It was the last district-level elections in the colonial period before the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. It was the first elections to be held after the abolition of the appointed seats as proposed by the new electoral arrangements, as the last step of the democratisation by the then Governor Chris Patten before the handover.

1994 Hong Kong local elections

18 September 1994
All Elected Constituencies 346 (of the 373) seats in all 18 Districts Boards
Registered	2,450,372 33.14%
Turnout	693,215 (33.11%) 0.64pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Martin Lee Tsang Yok-sing Frederick Fung Party UDHK/MP DAB ADPL Last election New party New party 15 seats, 5.26% Seats won 75 37 29 Seat change 26 12 12 Popular vote 157,929 81,126 47,731 Percentage 23.01% 11.82% 6.95% Swing N/A N/A 2.20pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Allen Lee Hu Fa-kuang Lau Kong-wah Party Liberal LDF Civil Force Last election New party 24 seats, 8.96% New party Seats won 18 11 10 Seat change 6 5 7 Popular vote 50,755 25,499 12,141 Percentage 7.39% 3.72% 1.77% Swing N/A 5.24pp N/A   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Yum Sin-ling Patrick Shiu Ambrose Lau Party 123DA HKDF HKPA Last election New party 3 seats, 1.63% New party Seats won 6 3 1 Seat change Popular vote 15,527 4,048 3,288 Percentage 2.26% 0.59% 0.48% Swing N/A 1.04pp N/A

Despite set against the British-Chinese dispute over Hong Kong's political reform, the election was influenced by local issues such as bus fares and garbage collection. The turnout of 33.1 per cent, slightly higher than the 32.5 per cent turnout for the 1991 District Board elections. Almost 700,000 votes cast were 60 per cent more than in the previous election and reflect the broader franchise stemming from Patten's reform package.

Under the Patten reform package, the voting age was lowered to 18 from 21, appointed members were abolished, and District Board members were given responsibility of filling ten of the 60 Legislative Council seats through Election Committee constituency in the 1995 Legislative Council election. The multiple-member single-constituency electoral method was also changed to single-member constituency method.

The pro-democracy alliance, the United Democrats–Meeting Point, which was undergoing the merger plan of creating the Democratic Party, captured the lead with 75 seats (77 seats in some other materials) and teamed up with smaller pro-democracy parties to gain control of five of the 18 District Boards, Central and Western District, Sham Shui Po District and Kwun Tong District in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, and Tuen Mun District and Kwai Tsing District in the New Territories. The biggest pro-Beijing party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) won 37 seats, doing better than expected, while conservative, pro-business candidates of the Liberal Party, the Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong (LDF) and the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance came in below expectations with 30 seats.

After the elections, Beijing appointed 200 District Affairs Advisers as the part of establishing a political structure parallel to that of the British one, as it claimed that Patten's reform violated the constitution and Sino-British agreements. After the handover, the 1994 elected District Boards transformed into 18 Provisional District Boards with the reintroduction of the appointed seats by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa. The Provisional District Boards were replaced by the District Councils elected in 1999.

Results

General outcome

Overall Summary of the 18 September 1994 District Boards of Hong Kong election results

Political Affiliation			Popular vote	%	Standing	Elected	±
		Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong	81,126	11.82	83	37	12
		Liberal Party	50,755	7.39	89	18	6
		Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong	25,499	3.72	28	11	5
		Civil Force	12,141	1.77	10	10	7
		East Kowloon District Residents' Committee	9,197	1.34	11	8	0
		Kwun Tong Man Chung Friendship Promotion Association	11,952	1.74	12	7	2
		United Front for the Service of the People	9,720	1.42	8	4
		Public Affairs Society	6,982	1.02	15	2	1
		Kowloon City District Residence Association	1,486	0.22	2	2	-
		Sham Shui Po Residents Association	332	0.05	3	2	-
		Mongkok District Residence Association	1,450	0.21	2	1	-
		Tai Po District Residence Association	3,325	0.48	4	1	-
		Hong Kong Progressive Alliance	3,288	0.48	7	1	0
		New Territories West Residents Association	2,187	0.32	5	1	1
		Pro-China independents and others	151,436	22.08	162	90
Total for pro-China and conservative parties and allies			371,455	54.12	442	196	23
		United Democrats–Meeting Point	157,929	23.01	133	75	26
		Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood	47,731	6.95	40	29	12
		123 Democratic Alliance	15,527	2.26	20	6	0
		Hong Kong Democratic Foundation	4,048	0.59	5	3	0
		Kowloon City Observers	5,164	0.75	6	2	1
		Hong Kong Public Doctors' Association	3,273	0.48	3	2	-
		Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions	2,850	0.42	2	2	-
		Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union	2,127	0.31	1	1	-
		Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre	859	0.13	3	1	1
		Pioneer	387	0.06	1	0	-
		Independent democrats and others	40,803	5.94	35	25
Total for pro-democracy parties and allies			280,698	40.89	249	146	48
Total for others			34,255	4.99	66	4	2
Total (turnout 33.1%)			686,408	100.0	757	346	73

Results by district

District Board	Post-election control	Largest party		UD/MP	DAB	ADPL	LP	LDF	CF	123DA	Others		Pro-dem	Pro-Beijing	Ex officio	Composition	Details
Central & Western	Pro-democracy		UD/MP (majority)	8	2		1				3		9	5	—		Details
Wan Chai	Pro-Beijing		United Democrats	3	3		1				3		3	7	—		Details
Eastern	Pro-Beijing		DAB	4	9		3				18		10	22+2 Ind.	—		Details
Southern	Pro-Beijing		UD/MP	4			2				10		4	12	—		Details
Yau Tsim Mong	Pro-Beijing		ADPL	1	1	2		1		1	9		6	9	—		Details
Sham Shui Po	Pro-democracy		ADPL (majority)	3		11	1				5		15	5	—		Details
Kowloon City	Pro-Beijing		LDF	2	2		2	6		1	8		5	16	—		Details
Wong Tai Sin	Pro-Beijing		United Democrats	4	4	3	1				10		8	14	—		Details
Kwun Tong	Pro-democracy		UD/MP	7	4	1	1			2	18		17	16	—		Details
Tsuen Wan	Pro-Beijing		UD/MP	2	1						12		6	9	2		Details
Tuen Mun	Pro-democracy		UD/MP	9	2	4		1		2	7		15	10	1		Details
Yuen Long	Pro-Beijing		UD/MP	3	1						15		3	16	6		Details
North	Pro-Beijing		DAB	2	4						5		3	8	4		Details
Tai Po	Pro-Beijing		United Democrats	4	2		4	3			4		4	13	2		Details
Sai Kung	Pro-Beijing		United Democrats	2		2					7		5	6	2		Details
Sha Tin	Pro-Beijing		Civil Force	8			2		10		11		12	19	1		Details
Kwai Tsing	Pro-democracy		UD/MP	9		6					11		23	3	1		Details
Islands	Pro-Beijing		DAB		2						4		0	6	8		Details
TOTAL				75	37	29	18	11	10	6	158		148	196+2 Ind.	27

Vote summary

Popular vote UDHK/MP   23.16% DAB   11.82% Liberal   7.39% ADPL   6.95% LDF   4.06% 123DA   2.26% Civil Force   1.77% Others   42.59%

Seat summary

Seats UDHK/MP   22.25% DAB   10.69% ADPL   8.38% Liberal   5.20% LDF   3.76% Civil Force   2.90% 123DA   1.73% Others   45.09%