The Horquilla Formation is a geologic formation exposed in southern Arizona[1] and New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian.
| Horquilla Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
| Type | Formation |
| Sub-units | La Tuna Member, Berino Member, Bishop Cap Member |
| Underlies | Earp Formation |
| Overlies | Escabrosa Limestone, Black Prince Limestone, Paradise Formation, Helms Formation |
| Thickness | 800–3,520 ft (240–1,070 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone |
| Other | Shale, sandstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 31°40′08″N 110°03′58″W / 31.669°N 110.066°W |
| Region | Arizona, New Mexico |
| Country | United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Horquilla Peak, Cochise County, Arizona |
| Named by | James Gilluly, J.R. Cooper, and J. Steele Williams |
| Year defined | 1954 |
  Horquilla Formation (the United States)  Horquilla Formation (Arizona) | |
Description
editThe formation is mostly thinly bedded pinkish limestone, weathering to blue-gray, with occasional thicker beds of limestone and thinner beds of shaly limestone. The thicker limestone beds typically consist mostly of fragments of crinoids. In southeastern Arizona, the formation lies on top of the Escabrosa Limestone, the Black Prince Limestone,[1] or the Paradise Formation,[2] and is overlain in turn by the Earp Formation.[1] In the Organ Mountains, the formation rests disconformably on the Helms Formation.[3] The formation varies in thickness from 800 ft (240 m) in the Chiricahua Mountains[2] to 3,450 ft (1,050 m) in the Big Hatchet Mountains.[4]
The formation is thought to have been laid down in the Horquilla Seaway, a continental shelf environment on the southwest coast of Pangaea.[3]
Fossils
editThe formation is highly fossiliferous. The most numerous fossils at the type section are brachiopods (such as Neospirifer, Composita, and Dictyoclostus) and fusulinids (such as Fusulina and Fusulinella). Crinoid stems, syringoporoid corals, and bryozoans are also common. The fossils are post-Morrowan (Moscovian to Kasimovian) in age.[1] Demosponges such as Chaetetes are found in exposures further east, in the Chiricahua Mountains[2] and Big Hatchet Mountains.[5] Exposures in the Organ Mountains include fossils of Chaetetes, Petalaxis, Fusulinella, and cordaite leaf impressions.[3]
History of investigation
editThe formation was first designated by James Gilluly and coinvestigators in 1954, who raised the Naco Formation to group rank and assigned its lowermost beds to the Horquilla Formation. The type section is on an eastern spur of Horquilla Peak in the Tombstone Hills of southern Arizona.[1] The formation was later mapped as far west as the Vekol Mountains[6] and as far east as the Big Hatchet Mountains in the New Mexico bootheel.[4] Spencer G. Lucas and Karl Krainer have noted the similarity of the Pennsylvanian beds of the Organ Mountains to the Horquilla Formation, and have proposed lowering the La Tuna Formation, Berino Formation, and Bishop Cap Formation to member rank within the Horquilla Formation.[3]
See also
edit
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Gilluly, Cooper & Williams 1954.
- ^ a b c Sabins 1957.
- ^ a b c d Lucas & Krainer 2020.
- ^ a b Drewes 1991.
- ^ Zeller 1965.
- ^ Heindl 1965.
References
edit- Drewes, Harald (1991). "Geologic map of the Big Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map. I-2144. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- Gilluly, James; Cooper, J.R.; Williams, J.S. (1954). "Late Paleozoic stratigraphy of central Cochise County, Arizona". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Professional Paper. 266. doi:10.3133/pp266.
- Heindl, L.A. (1965). "Mesozoic formations in the Vekol Mountains, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1194-G. doi:10.3133/b1194G.
- Lucas, Spencer G.; Krainer, Karl (Fall 2020). "Gallery of Geology: The Pennsylvanian section at Bishop Cap, Doña Ana County, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geology. 42 (2): 79–81. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- Sabins, Floyd F. Jr. (1957). "Stratigraphic Relations in Chiricahua and Dos Cabezas Mountains, Arizona". AAPG Bulletin. 41 (3): 466–510. doi:10.1306/0BDA5831-16BD-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
- Zeller, R.A. Jr. (1965). "Stratigraphy of the Big Hatchet Mountains Area, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir. 16. Retrieved 25 February 2021.