The Horseley Ironworks (sometimes spelled Horsley) was a major ironworks in the Tipton area in the county of Staffordshire, now the West Midlands, England.
History
editFounded by Aaron Manby,[1] it is most famous for constructing the first iron steamer, The Aaron Manby, in 1821.[2][3] The boat was assembled at Rotherhithe. She was only the first of a number of steamboats built on the "knock-down" principle. The ironworks have also been responsible for the manufacture of numerous canal and railway bridges of the 19th century.
The ironworks were built near the Toll End Communication Canal[4] on the Horseley estate, which had been sold by their owner at the turn of the 19th century[5] due to demand from engineers wishing to profit on the construction of the BCN Main Line through the estate. The date when the ironworks were constructed is unknown but is believed to have been by 1815.[5] Industry in the area prospered and the location retained the name of the Horseley estate as shown in an 1822 survey of the area.[6]
With the increasing popularity of canals, the ironworks quickly became popular for manufacturing canal bridges, mainly in the local vicinity.[7] Canal bridges made by the ironworks include the Engine Arm Aqueduct (1825), two roving bridges at Smethwick Junction (1828),[8][9] Galton Bridge (1829), and Braunston Towpath Bridges (1830).[10][11] By the end of the canal construction era, Horseley Ironworks had emerged as one of the most prolific manufacturers of canal bridges in the West Midlands region,[5] especially in Birmingham.[12] This was a result of their signature bridge design which had become popular amongst canal constructors. The design has been replicated more recently, for example in Birmingham during the regeneration of Gas Street Basin where Worcester Bar is linked to Gas Street.[13]
Horseley Ironworks were also responsible for manufacturing in the railway industry. Railway bridges constructed included that of the viaduct for the London and Birmingham to Holyhead railway at Shifnal, Shropshire which was cast in 1848.[14] As well as manufacturing bridges, they also produced locomotives.[15]
The company also manufactured construction steelwork for the pier of Ryde, the Palace Theatre in London, Rugby railway station, a seaplane hangar in Las Palmas and the Dome of Discovery at the 1951 Festival of Britain.[16]
People who have worked for the iron foundry include Charles Manby, the son of Aaron Manby, James Thomson,[17] William Johnson[18] and Richard Roberts.[19]
Closing
editThe firm moved in 1865 to a site on the now defunct Dixon's Branch, off the BCN New Main Line (Island Line), near the South Staffordshire Railway line. The factory survived under a succession of owners until 1991, when it was closed down and subsequently redeveloped as a housing estate.[4]
Locations
edit| Point | Coordinates (Links to map resources) |
OS Grid Ref | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Horseley Ironworks (original site) | 52°32′02″N 2°03′06″W / 52.5338°N 2.0517°W | SO964929 | on Toll End Communication Canal |
| Horseley Ironworks (later site) | 52°31′47″N 2°02′38″W / 52.5296°N 2.0438°W | SO970924 | on Dixon's Branch |
Gallery
edit
-
-
Winson Green Junction -
Two roving bridges at Smethwick Junction, 1828 -
Name on roving bridge at Smethwick Junction -
Engine Arm Aqueduct -
-
Two bridges at Bromford Junction -
-
"Vignoles Bridge" in Coventry
References
edit- ^ Annual Register, Edward Burke, 1885, Rivingtons
- ^ Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin, Crosbie Smith, Matthew Norton Wise, 1989, Cambridge University Press (ISBN 0521261732)
- ^ Iron, Neil Morris, 2005, Black Rabbit Books (ISBN 158340631X)
- ^ a b Canal Companion – Birmingham Canal Navigations, J. M. Pearson & Associates, 1989, ISBN 0-907864-49-X
- ^ a b c The Tame Mills of Staffordshire, Douglas Dilworth, 1976, Phillimore
- ^ Time 2 Time: Newsletter 7 Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sandwell MBC: Top 10 Canal Attractions Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wales and West Central England: Wales and West Central England, 2nd Edition, Roger Cragg, 1997, Thomas Telford (ISBN 0727725769)
- ^ Sandwell MBC: Smethwick Summit Canals Project Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Civil Engineering Heritage, E. A. Labrum, 1994, Thomas Telford (ISBN 072771970X)
- ^ Suffolk Cam: Grand Union Canal Archived 2007-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Birmingham.gov.uk: Canal Walks – Broad Street Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ BBC Birmingham: Walk Through Time – Page 7
- ^ History, Gazetteer, and Directory of Shropshire, Samuel Bagshaw, 1851, S. Harrison of Sheffield
- ^ Steam Index: British Locomotive Manufacturers
- ^ "Bridging the generation gap to the heyday of Tipton's Horseley Ironworks". Black Country Bugle – 05 February 2004. Retrieved 27 April 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Tidal correspondents of the nineteenth-century harmonic method, 1862–1906 Archived 2007-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Diary of William Mackenzie, the First International Railway Contractor, David Brooke, 2000, Thomas Telford (ISBN 072772830X)
- ^ Museum of Making: Richard Roberts Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine