Wikipedia

Hostomel

Hostomel (Ukrainian: Гостомель, IPA: [ɦoˈstɔmelʲ]) is a rural settlement in Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is located northwest of the capital Kyiv. It hosts the administration of Hostomel settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 18,466 (2022 estimate).[2]

Hostomel
Гостомель
Rural settlement
View of Hostomel
Flag of Hostomel
Flag
Coat of arms of Hostomel
Coat of arms
Hostomel is located in Kyiv Oblast
Hostomel
Hostomel
Hostomel is located in Ukraine
Hostomel
Hostomel
Coordinates: 50°34′09″N 30°15′55″E / 50.56917°N 30.26528°E / 50.56917; 30.26528
Country Ukraine
OblastKyiv Oblast
RaionBucha Raion
HromadaHostomel settlement hromada
First written mention1494
Magdeburg rights1614
Government
 • BodyHostomel settlement council
Area
 • Land38 km2 (15 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
18,466

The town is mainly known for Hostomel Airport, also known as Antonov Airport, a major international cargo facility. There is also a Vetropack glass factory in Hostomel.

Hostomel was attacked during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022,[3] with its mayor Yuriy Prylypko among those killed.[4] The town was given the title Hero City of Ukraine on 13 March.[5] On 2 April, Ukrainian authorities confirmed that they had retaken control over most of Kyiv Oblast.[6]

Overview

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To the west of Hostomel are the cities of Bucha and Irpin, and the village of Blystavytsia; to the east are Horenka village and the Irpin River; to the southeast is a pine forest, which is a part of the Holosiiv National Nature Park.[7]

The neighborhoods of Hostomel include Balanivka (former khutir), Kimerka (former khutir), Mostyshche (formerly a separate village) and the military town.

The two main roads of the town are Sviato-Pokrovska Street and Yarova Street, which were formerly known as Lenina Street and Chervonoarmiiska Street.[8]

History

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According to legends, Hostomel has existed since ancient times and was called Ostromyr. But, the first written mention of it dates back to 1494.[9]

In 1495, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander gave Hostomel to Prince Ivan Dashkevych Lvovich Hlynsky. In 1509, after the betrayal of the Hlynski to the Muscovites, the estate of king Sigismund I was given to Semen Poloz [uk].

 
Church of Intercession

In 1614, King Sigismund III of Poland granted Hostomel the Magdeburg right. The village of Hostomel received city rights with the assistance of the owner – Stanislav Kharlensky, the son of Kyiv Chamberlain Felix.[10]

During the national liberation war under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, it became the Cossack hundredth town of the Kyiv regiment.

In 1654, the town was captured by Muscovy.

In 1694, a church was built here.

In July 1768, Ivan Bondarenko [uk]'s haydamaks visited the town.[11]

Around 1850, Dominique Pierre de la Flise visited Mostyshche.

 
Dominique Pierre de la Flise's drawing of Mostyshche

In 1866 Hostomel became a township center, actively developing. It witnessed many historical events related to the past of Ukraine.

In 1962, Hostomel and other settlements were subordinated to Irpin (it was granted the status of a city of regional significance). In 1972, the village of Mostyshche became a part of Hostomel.

Until 18 July 2020, Hostomel belonged to Irpin Municipality. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, Irpin Municipality was merged into Bucha Raion.[12][13]

2022 Russian invasion

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Main articles: Battle of Antonov Airport and Battle of Hostomel

On 24 February 2022, the first day of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Hostomel and the Hostomel Airport were attacked by the Russian military in an attempt to capture the town. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that "a Russian airborne force in Hostomel airport outside Kyiv, which has a big runway, has been stopped and is being destroyed."[14][15] On 24 February the Ukrainian military chief, Valerii Zaluzhnyi, said "a battle is raging in Hostomel".[16] The Antonov 225 plane (Mriya), the world's biggest cargo plane, was destroyed when the hangar it was in was ravaged by the Russians forces, presumably through shelling and artillery.[17]

In the following week the Russians started to use Hostomel as a forward operating base to attack Kyiv, the troops sent to Kyiv met Ukrainian forces in Bucha and Irpin, multiple Russian units were destroyed by artillery and Bayraktar drone strikes, Ukrainian forces also pushed the frontline back into Hostomel, with Ukrainian Special Forces launching raids against Kadyrovtsy on 27 February,[18] and VDV mechanized units along the week.[19]

On 7 March 2022, Russian troops killed mayor Yuriy Prylypko while he was delivering food and medicines in the city.[20][21][22]

Ukrainian counteroffensives were unable to fully retake the town, however a major Russian withdrawal from Kyiv Oblast in late March and early April saw the town completely retaken from Russian forces.

On April 6, the head of the Hostomel village military administration, Taras Dumenko, reported that four hundred people had gone missing in 35 days of Russian occupation of Hostomel.[23]

On 20 November 2022, Verkhovna Rada approved the project of promoting Hostomel's status from urban-type settlement to city.[24][25] On 20 October 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed a law that abolished urban-type settlement status, according to which Hostomel became a rural settlement.[26] This law has come into effect on 26 January 2024, three months after it was signed.

Population

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Language

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Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[27]

Language Percentage
Ukrainian 90.3%
Russian 9%
other/undecided 0.7%

Establishments

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In the field of education, there are four schools: two of them are general and two primary, a preschool No. 17 "Rainbow", the Center for Children and Youth Creativity.

There are four football teams: "Fakel," "Kimerka," "Phoenix," and "Mriya," and the former three competed in 2022 in the Hostomel open cup.[28]

Prior to the Russian invasion, the town had a number of large establishments that are well known not only in Ukraine but also abroad – in particular, the state enterprise "Antonov" (about 1320 employees) and OJSC "Hostomel Glass Factory" (about 800 employees). They are the largest taxpayers to the budget.

Medium and small businesses were also developing. Things were going well at other establishments of the town: JSC "ATP-13250" (about 125 employees) – passenger traffic; firm "ATAD & K" – manufacture of wood products; Kyiv starch processing factory, and others. There are also establishments in Hostomel that are directly involved in agriculture. These are STOV "Buchanske", "Renault", "Promin". In addition, there are such establishments of social and household sphere, such as hotel "Korchma", two hairdressing salons, studio of repair of TV sets, and three post offices.

Near the town there was a test site for rail electric transport "Kapway [uk]", but the project was abandoned, and in 2021, the "Kapway" car was transferred to the State Aviation Museum of Ukraine.[29] The third airport of Kyiv – the Hostomel International Airport – is located near the town. It is used primarily for cargo, and it was heavily damaged by the Russians.

On 24 December 2019, a water purification and deironing station was opened in Hostomel, which will purify 1,200 cubic meters of water during the day and provide it to the military town.[30]

Notable people

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Natives

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Residents

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  • Nadiya Solodyuk [uk] (1911–?) – doctor, pathophysiologist, researcher at the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the 1940s. During the German-Soviet war, she worked at the Hostomel Hospital and the partisan detachment.[31][32][33] Author of a book of memoirs.
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  •  
    Sign at the entrance of Hostomel
  •  
    Exterior of the Church of Intercession
  •  
    Interior of the Church of Intercession
  •  
    Bridge over Rokach River
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    Church of St. Elijah in Mostyshche
  •  
    An-2 plane in a park
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    Mass grave of Soviet army soldiers
  •  
    Kapway test site
  •  
    Oak-Amulet
  •  
    Hostomel Airport

Twin towns

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Hostomel is twinned with:

References

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  1. ^ "Гостомельская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Fire reported in many buildings in Ukraine's Hostomel", India Today, 6 March 2022
  4. ^ "Russian invaders kill Hostomel Mayor", UKRInform, 7 March 2022
  5. ^ Богданьок, Олена (6 March 2022). "Харків, Чернігів, Маріуполь, Херсон, Гостомель і Волноваха тепер міста-герої". Суспільне | Новини (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  6. ^ further reading and sources: Kyiv offensive (2022)
  7. ^ "Указ "Про зміну меж національного природного парку "Голосіївський""". Сайт Адміністрації Президента (in Ukrainian). 1 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  8. ^ "Перейменовано вулиці в Гостомелі". Зоря Приірпіння (in Ukrainian). 14 July 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  9. ^ Собчук, Валентин (2017). "Гостомельський край: історія і сучасність" (PDF). Гостомельська селищна рада (in Ukrainian). ВТФ «Перун». Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  10. ^ "Hostoml". Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (in Polish). 3. Warszawa: Kasa im. Józefa Mianowskiego. 1882. p. 163. — S. 163
  11. ^ Букет Євген. Іван Бондаренко — останній полковник Коліївщини. Історичний нарис.— Київ: Видавництво «Стікс», 2014. — 320 с. ISBN 978-966-2401-09-7
  12. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  14. ^ "Live updates: EU seeks united global front against Russia". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  15. ^ Shull, Abbie (24 February 2022). "Ukrainian and Russian forces have been fighting for hours over a critical airfield just outside Kyiv". Business Insider Africa. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  16. ^ AP. "Russia fighting Ukrainian forces at airbase 7 km north of Kyiv". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  17. ^ "World's largest cargo plane reportedly 'destroyed' in Ukraine". ABC News. 28 February 2022.
  18. ^ "The subdivision of the National Guard Forces Command of the Chechen Republic is destroyed near Kyiv, commander of the regiment Tushaev is killed – Ministry of Defense of Ukraine". Interfax-Ukraine. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  19. ^ "Ukraine's SpecOps forces destroy another 10 enemy IFVs in Hostomel". www.ukrinform.net. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  20. ^ "Asesinado mientras repartía pan y medicinas: así murió el alcalde de Gostomel, Yuri Illich Prylypko". El Mundo. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Tropas rusas matan a un alcalde ucraniano mientras repartía comida y medicinas: "Murió como un héroe"". ABC. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  22. ^ "Los invasores rusos matan al alcalde de Gostomel". Ukrinform. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  23. ^ (in Ukrainian) At least 400 people are missing in Gostomel, unian.net (6 April 2022)
  24. ^ "Проект Постанови про віднесення селища міського типу Гостомель Бучанського району Київської області до категорії міст". Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
  25. ^ "Гостомель стане містом". ПОГЛЯД (in Ukrainian). 22 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Zelensky canceled urban-type settlements" (in Ukrainian). Ukrainska Pravda. 25 October 2023.
  27. ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
  28. ^ "У Гостомелі відбулася товариська гра «Hostomel open cup 2022»". Київщина 24/7 (in Ukrainian). 12 December 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  29. ^ "Закинутий під Гостомелем капвей став музейним експонатом". LB.ua (in Ukrainian). 29 July 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  30. ^ У Гостомелі відкрили станцію знезалізнення й очищення води (відео)
  31. ^ Собчук, В. М. Гостомельський край: історія і сучасність Archived 5 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine. публіц.-історичне видання — К.: м. Ірпінь: ВТФ «Перун», 2017—136с.: іл. ISBN 978-966-569-319-2
  32. ^ Родня. Полиция и партизаны, 1941—1944. На примере Украины / Авт.-сост.: А. Гогун, И. Дерейко, А. Кентий. Центральный государственный архив общественных объединений Украины; Ведомственный государственный архив службы безопасности Украины. — К.: Украинский издательский союз, 2011. — 576 с.
  33. ^ Наумов, М. И. От границы до границы /стенограмма 1946 г./. Приложение: сб. док. /сост. Г. М. Наумова, А. В. Бибик/. Электронная версия. –Киев: 2017. –197с. –ил. 188.
  34. ^ "Гостомель та район чеської Праги – Ржепоріє стали містами-побратимами". Децентралізація (in Ukrainian). 2 March 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
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