Hovenia acerba is a species of flowering plant in the raisin tree genus Hovenia (family Rhamnaceae), native to temperate areas of Nepal, the eastern Himalayas, Assam, Myanmar, northern Thailand, Tibet, and central and southern China.[2] A tree reaching 25 m (82 ft), it is found at elevations up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft), in wooded and open areas, forest edges, and slopes, and it is frequently cultivated locally.[3]
| Hovenia acerba | |
|---|---|
| |
| At the Kunming Institute of Botany | |
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| Leaves at Hackfalls Arboretum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus: | Hovenia |
| Species: | H. acerba
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hovenia acerba | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Hovenia dulcis var. acerba (Lindl.) Sengupta & Safui | |
Like Hovenia dulcis it is a source of a fine hard timber, and the sweet fruit rachis is edible and is used to make a fruit wine.[3] The seeds are used in traditional medicine.[4] One can distinguish Hovenia acerba by its fruits, which are yellow or brownish at maturity, whereas those of H. dulcis are black.[4] It is widely used as a street tree in southern Chinese cities.[5]
Subtaxa
editThe following varieties are accepted:[2]
- Hovenia acerba var. acerba – entire range, except Tibet
- Hovenia acerba var. kiukiangensis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) C.R.Wu – Tibet, Yunnan
References
edit- ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Hovenia acerba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147025954A147027232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147025954A147027232.en. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "Hovenia acerba Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ a b "枳椇 zhi ju". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ a b "枳椇属 zhi ju shu". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ Ossola, Alessandro; Hoeppner, Malin J.; Burley, Hugh M.; Gallagher, Rachael V.; Beaumont, Linda J.; Leishman, Michelle R. (2020). "The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 29 (11): 1907–1914. doi:10.1111/geb.13169. S2CID 225429443.
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