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Hydropower generates about 30% of Armenia's electricity but its share varies a lot from year to year.[1][2]
Hydro power plants provide 70 percent of Armenia's renewable energy. Major HPP capacities are installed within Sevan-Hrazdan Cascade and Vorotan Cascade.[3] The hydropower potential of Armenia is reported to be 21.8 billion kWh.
As of the 1 January 2018, electricity was generated by 184 small HPPs, with total installed capacity of 353 MW. In 2017 the generation of the electricity from small HPPs was around 862 million kW*h, which is about 11% of the total generated electricity in Armenia (7762 million kW*h). As of 1 January 2018, and according to the provided licenses, 36 additional SHPPs are under construction, with about total projected 69 MW capacity and 250 million kW*h electricity annual supply.[4][5]
The economically justified hydropower potential of Armenia is around 3.600 GWh/year.[citation needed]From this amount, 1.500 GWh/year (or about 42% of economically justified hydropower potential) has been developed already.[6][obsolete source]Six of the plants are in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.[7]
Large plants
editArmenia has nine hydroelectric power plants which together accounted for one third of its domestic electricity generation. The plants are grouped along two cascades: the Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade and the Vorotan Cascade.[6] The following table lists the details of each cascade:[8][6]
| Plant | Year built | Installed Capacity (MW) | Annual Average Production (GWh) | Ownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sevan-Hrazdan Cascade | 1936–1961 | 556 | 936 (reduced to 487 because of the level of Lake Sevan) |
International Energy Corporation CJSC (privatized in June 2003)[9] (90% of which belongs to Tashir Group, owned by Samvel Karapetyan)[10] |
| Sevan Hydro Power Plant | 1949 | 34.2 | 50 | |
| Atarbekyan Hydro Power Plant (Hrazdan) | 1959 | 81.6 | 136 | |
| Gyumush Hydro Power Plant (Argel) | 1953 | 224 | 378 | |
| Arzni Hydro Power Plant | 1956 | 70.5 | 13 | |
| Kanaker Hydro Power Plant | 1936 | 102 | 151 | |
| Yerevan 1 Hydro Power Plant | 1961 | 44 | 83 | |
| Vorotan Cascade | 1970–1984 | 405.46 | 1010.7 | US company CountourGlobal |
| Spandaryan Hydro Power Plant | 1984 | 76 | 154 | |
| Shamb Hydro Power Plant | 1977 | 171 | 272 | |
| Tatev Hydro Power Plant | 1970 | 157.2 | 580 |
Planned projects
editThough both Iran and Armenia have long discussed opening a 140 MW, joint hydro power plant on the Artak's River – Meghri HPP (also known as the Araks Hydro Power Plant) – by mid-2021, the project had not begun construction. Coupled with the 60 MW Loriberd HPP, these projects would add a cumulative generation of 1,012 million kWh/year.[11] The Meghri Hydro Power Plant is a joint Armenian-Iranian project slated to be constructed on the Araks River near Armenia's southern border town of Meghri.[12]
In 2010, the energy ministers of Armenia and Iran signed a document on the long-anticipated construction of two hydropower stations on the Arax River. The agreement stipulates that the $323 million project will be fundamentally financed and operated by Iran, 793 million kWh of energy transported to Iran annually, and the stations transferred to Armenia's ownership 15 years later. Construction was expected to commence in 2011 and take five years to complete.[13] By 2021, construction had not begun.
Small plants
editAccording to a USAID sponsored report, 313 small hydroelectric power plants (small HPPs) with an installed capacity of 243.366 MW and an average yearly electricity production of 737.38 GWh are installed in the country.[11]
| Name of water reservoir | Number of HPP units | Total installed capacity (MW) | Average yearly production (GWh) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debed River | 79 | 35.501 | 123.47 |
| Aghstev River | 67 | 58.270 | 159.27 |
| Akhuryan River | 14 | 24.985 | 79.75 |
| Kasakh River | 14 | 7.905 | 19.16 |
| Hrazdan River | 13 | 9.070 | 27.37 |
| Lake Sevan | 20 | 22.965 | 66.03 |
| Azat River and Vedi River | 20 | 18.215 | 56.15 |
| Arpa River | 26 | 35.410 | 88.58 |
| Meghri River and Voghdji River | 53 | 21.245 | 72.63 |
| Vorotan River | 8 | 9.800 | 44.97 |
| Total | 313 | 243.366 | 737.38 |
History
editSome plants were lost in the 2nd Nagorno-Karabakh war leading to electricity shortages after cables connecting the enclave were damaged.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Energy Profile – Armenia" (PDF). Irena. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-12-29. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
- ^ "Technical Report – Quantifying Fiscal Risks from climate change". IMF. Archived from the original on 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
- ^ "Hydro Energy". Ministry of Energy Infrastructures and Natural Resources of the Republic of Armenia. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "Hydro Energy - Investment projects - Projects - www.minenergy.am". www.minenergy.am. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
- ^ "Small Hydro Power Plants in Armenia". Armenian Community Council of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ^ a b c "Hydropower Potential of Armenia" Archived 2009-02-28 at the Wayback Machine, Renewable Energy Armenia (Danish Energy Management A/S).
- ^ a b "Six months into blockade, Nagorno-Karabakh faces energy crisis as key reservoir dries up". Archived from the original on 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
- ^ Map of Armenian Electricity Grid Archived 2023-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, Global Energy Network Institute, September, 2000.
- ^ "Electric Power in Asia and the Pacific 2001–2002: Armenia" Archived 2008-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations ESCAP.
- ^ "Tashir Group acquires International Energy Company". www.tashir.ru. Archived from the original on 2022-01-14. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ a b c National Program on Energy Saving and Renewable Energy of Republic of Armenia Archived 2009-03-05 at the Wayback Machine, Scientific Research Institute of Energy for the Alliance to Save Energy, 2007.
- ^ US Concerned by Armenia's Energy Ties With Iran Archived 2016-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, EurasiaNet, June 21, 2007.
- ^ Armenia in 2010. A Year of Uncertainty (PDF). Yerevan: The Civilitas Foundation. 2010. ISBN 978-99941-2-503-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-21.