The Hyrcani were a people in the classical era. They were mentioned in both the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea and the Hermos River valley in Lydia.
History
editCurtius,[1][2] Plutarch,[3] Isidore of Charax[4] and Strabo[5] all refer to the inhabitants of Hyrcania on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea as Hyracani. They were one of the peoples encountered by Alexander the Great on his journey,[6] and they sent a delegation to Antoninus Pius.[7]
Jerome[8] and Cicero[9] both comment on their funerary practice, leading to the identification of their religion as Zoroastrian. A reading of Pliny[10] indicates they may have been nomadic.
The Hyracani were also known from the Hermos River valley,[11] of Lydia during the Hellenistic, and Roman Empires. They were often mentioned as one of two tribes, living adjacent to their neighbors the Mosteni. Both tribes are often referred by ancient authors together, but as distinct peoples. Unlike the Hyrcani, the Mosteni were indigenous to Lydia.
The Hyracani had been forcibly settled on the Pidasus river, a tributary of the Hermos River, by Cyrus the Great. Strabo[12] tells us that[13] Cyrus had wanted the Hyracani as a military coloni near the troublesome Ionia. The Caspian, Hyrcani were fearsome warriors, with Aelian (3rd century) telling us they would be accompanied into battle with their hounds.
Pliny[14] and Tacitus[15] tell us that a Macedonian colony was later settled among the Hyrcani.[16][17] This may explain in part the greater degree of Hellenization in Hyrcani than their neighbors.
The Hyracani appear to have been a rural people, building no cities. Their neighbours the Mostini were to the north and the Mosteni coins indicate they had retained their own culture into the Hellenistic age while the Hyracani were more Hellenised.
We know of three villages of the Hyrcani: Dareeioukaome (Darius village), Ormoita and Tyanolla.[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Henry Fanshawe Tozer, A History of Ancient Geography(Cambridge University Press, 30 Oct. 2014) [p132].
- ^ Curtius History Alexander 6:5:13.
- ^ Plutarch, Alexander 44.
- ^ Isidore of Charax, Parthian Stations.
- ^ Strabo XI.8.1.
- ^ Bede, The Chronicle of the Six Ages of the World A.M. 3629 .
- ^ Aur. Victor, Epit. xv.4.
- ^ Jerome's Against Jovinian (II.vii).
- ^ Man is the Pasture of Being .
- ^ Pliny 6.XIX.
- ^ Tacitus, Annals 2:47.
- ^ Strabo, 13.629.
- ^ John Anthony Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, Volume 1 (The University Press, 1832).p428
- ^ Pliny v.29.
- ^ Tacitus, Annals II.47
- ^ Ancient coins of Lydia.
- ^ William Smith, HYRCA´NIA, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854).
- ^ W. M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (Cambridge University Press, 2010 ) p124.