Anuak language

Anuak
Anuak
Dha Anywaa
Native to	Ethiopia, South Sudan
Region	Gambela, Greater Upper Nile
Ethnicity	Anuak
Native speakers	220,000 (2007–2017)
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Southern Eastern Nilotic Western Luo Northern Anuak; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Ge'ez, Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	anu
Glottolog	anua1242

Anuak or Anywaa is a Luo language which belongs to the western Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family. It is spoken primarily in the western part of Ethiopia and also in South Sudan by the Anuak people. Other names for this language include: Anyuak, Anywa, Yambo, Jambo, Yembo, Bar, Burjin, Miroy, Moojanga, Nuro.^[1] Anuak, Päri, and Jur-Luwo comprise a dialect cluster.^[2] The most thorough description of the Anuak language is Reh (1996) Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions, which also includes glossed texts.

Phonology

Anuak is notable for lacking phonemic fricatives.^[2]

Consonants

Consonants^[3]
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m	n̪	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ affricate	fortis	p	t̪	t	c	k
Plosive/ affricate	lenis	b	d̪	d	ɟ	ɡ
Approximant		w		l	j
Trill				r

Vowels

Monophthongs^[3]
	Front	Back
	Front	Unrounded	Rounded
Close	i iː		u uː
Near-Close	ɪ ɪː		ʊ ʊː
Close-mid	e eː		o oː
Open-mid	ɛ ɛː	ʌ ʌː	ɔ ɔː
Open	a aː

Diphthongs^[3]
	Front	Back
Close	ie	uo
Near-Close	ɪɛ	ʊɔ

Tones

Tones^[3]
Description	IPA
Rising	˩˥
High	˦
Mid	˧
Low	˨

References

^ ^a ^b Anuak at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ ^a ^b Reh, Mechthild (1996). Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions. NISA Nilo-Saharan – Studies in Language and Context. Vol. 11. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. p. 5. ISBN 978-3-927620-73-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel; Wright, Richard (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Anuak sound inventory (PH)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Reh 1996

External links

World Atlas of Language Structures information on Anywa

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[e25-1] Anuak at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

[Reh-1996-2] Reh, Mechthild (1996). Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions. NISA Nilo-Saharan – Studies in Language and Context. Vol. 11. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. p. 5. ISBN 978-3-927620-73-5.

[Phoible-2019-3] Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel; Wright, Richard (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Anuak sound inventory (PH)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Reh 1996

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