The Banggai language is the main language spoken by the inhabitants of the Banggai Archipelago off the island of Sulawesi. It belongs to the Saluan–Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup.
| Banggai | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 88,000 (2010 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bgz |
| Glottolog | bang1368 |
Historically, Banggai was a spoken language without a long literary history. The earliest surviving manuscript in the Banggai language comes from the 19th century, the account of a Banggai fisherman who was sold into slavery by Maguindanaoan raiders in the 1860s-70s before escaping.[2]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᵑk | |||
| prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
- /s/ may also be heard as prenasal [ⁿs] when after nasal sounds.
- Other sounds like [tʃ, dʒ, ɲ] are heard in loanwords from neighboring languages.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
- Vowels /e, o/ can also be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] in closed syllables.[3]
References
edit- ^ Banggai at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- ^ Velthoen, Esther Joy. "Contested Coastlines: Diasporas, Trade, and Colonial Expansion in Eastern Sulawesi, 1680-1905." pg. 212. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Australia: Murdoch University. Available online also at: https://www.oxis.org/theses/velthoen-2002.pdf [accessed in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: August 10, 2018] (2002).
- ^ van den Bergh, J. D. (1953). Spraakkunst van het Banggais. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Further reading
edit
- Moseley, Christopher; Asher, E. R., eds. (1994). Atlas of the World's Languages. New York: Routelege. p. 122.