Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of north-eastern Victoria. As it is no longer spoken, Dhudhuroa is primarily known today from written material collected by R. H. Mathews from Neddy Wheeler. It has gone by numerous names, including Dhudhuroa, the Victorian Alpine language, Dyinningmiddhang, Djilamatang, Theddora,[2] Theddoramittung, Balangamida, and Tharamirttong. Yaitmathang (Jaitmathang), or Jandangara (Gundanora), was spoken in the same area, but was a dialect of Ngarigu.[1]
| Dhudhuroa | |
|---|---|
| Victorian Alpine | |
| Region | North-eastern Victoria, Australia |
| Ethnicity | Dhudhuroa, Djilamatang, ?Minjambuta |
| Extinct | Early 20th C; Revival 2010s |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ddr |
| Glottolog | dhud1236 |
| AIATSIS[1] | S44 |
Dhudhuroa language is currently undergoing a revival, and is being taught at Bright Secondary College and Wooragee Primary School.[3]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | d̪ ⟨dh⟩ | d | (ɖ ⟨rd⟩) | ɟ ⟨dj⟩ | ɡ |
| Nasal | m | n̪ ⟨nh⟩ | n | (ɳ ⟨rn⟩) | ɲ ⟨ny⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ |
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r ⟨rr⟩ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ |
Blake and Reid (2002) suggest that there were possibly two retroflex consonants, but there is not enough evidence for them.[4]
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Open | a aː |
References
edit- ^ a b S44 Dhudhuroa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, volume 75, page 324: It is obvious that the two, the Theddora and the Dhudhuroa, are the same.
- ^ Jacks, Timna (10 October 2015). "VCE Indigenous language students awaken 'sleeping' Dhudhuroa tongue". The Age. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Blake & Reid 2002, p. 185.
Sources
edit- Blake, Barry J.; Reid, Julie (2002). "The Dhudhuroa language of northeastern Victoria: a description based on historical sources" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 26: 177–210. JSTOR 24046052.
- Mathews, R. H. (1909). "The Dhudhuroa language of Victoria". American Anthropologist. 11 (2): 278–284. doi:10.1525/aa.1909.11.2.02a00100.
Further reading
edit- Bibliography of Dhuduroa people and language resources Archived 28 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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