Kodi is a Sumba language of Indonesia. The population figure may include Gaura, which Ethnologue counts as a dialect of both the Lamboya and Kodi languages.[2] Kodi is an Austronesian language that is mainly spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, the western part of the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia. An alternate name for Kodi is Kudi and dialects of the language include Kodi Bokol, Kodi Bangedo, Nggaro (Nggaura) and is most alike to Wejewa.[3] With only approximately 20,000 speakers, the Kodi language is an endangered language.
| Kodi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sumba Island |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 20,000)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kod |
| Glottolog | kodi1247 |
Classification
editAustronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Sumba-Hawu, Sumba, Kodi-Gaura.[4]
History
editThe Kodi language is derived from the Melanesian and Austronesian languages since its inhabitants arrived in Sumba in the 1500s. The Kodi society can be described as "isolated from history" since being colonized by the Dutch empire during the 1800s. The Kodi people live remotely in West Sumba located in Eastern Indonesia without a political leader.[5]
Geographic distribution
editKodi is spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province; west Sumba located in Eastern Indonesia.
Dialects/varieties
editKodi has a population of approximately 20,000 speakers. Other known names and dialects of Kodi include: Kodi Bangedo, Kodi Bokol, Kudi, Nggaro, and Nggaura. May be most similar to Wejewa.[6]
Phonology
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ |
| Prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑg | |
| Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ɠ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Approximant | w | r, l | j |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a |
Sound system
editGlobal Recordings Network has a short biblical story spoken in the Kodi language.[8]
Vocabulary
edithabali a mekena – 'returning the honor'
ngara – 'renown' (lit. 'name')
meke – 'honor'
witti wyulla – 'the feet of the moon'
limya lodo – 'the hand of the sun'[9]
References
edit- ^ Kodi at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ^ "Kodi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ "Verbix Languages Languages/Kodi". wiki.verbix.com. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ "Glottolog 3.0 – Kodi-Gaura". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ Hoskins, Janet (1993). The Play of Time: Kodi Perspectives on Calendars, History, and Exchange. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20892-7.
- ^ "Kodi [kod]". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
- ^ a b Ekayani, Ni Putu; Mbete, Aron Meko; Putra, A.A. (2016). "Sistem fonologi bahasa Kodi di pulau Sumba". Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana (in Indonesian). 21: 1–18.
- ^ "Words of Life – Kodi". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ Hoskins, Janet Alison (1986). "So My Name Shall Live: Stone-Dragging and Grave-Building in Kodi, West Sumba". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 142 (1): 31–51. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003367. JSTOR 27863717.
External links
edit- Pasola Desa Ratenggaro, Kec. Kodi Bangedo – Sumba Barat Daya – Video of Kodi thanksgiving ceremony with Kodi-language audio